不同品种羽衣甘蓝生长期色素含量变化规律研究

基于对彩叶植物羽衣甘蓝彩色形成机理的探索，以12个羽衣甘蓝品种为研究对象，分析了生长发育过程中其内叶（变色叶）、外叶（非变色叶）的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青苷含量变化。试验结果表明，各品种外叶的叶绿素a、b及总量，类胡萝卜素含量在整个生长期内均呈现由高到低的变化规律。观赏期外叶叶绿素含量显著降低，至抽薹期‘名古屋红’叶绿素总量仅占幼苗期的65.7%。内叶叶绿素总量下降幅度大于外叶，降幅最大的是‘名古屋白’，观赏期含量比幼苗期降低了96.1%。内叶类胡萝卜素含量呈上升的变化趋势。内叶的叶绿素a/b比值和类胡萝卜素与叶绿素比值均高于外叶。品种间色素含量也存在较大差异。在幼苗期和观赏期，‘名古屋红’的外叶叶绿素总量、叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量最高，‘粉鹤’最低。幼苗期品种间类胡萝卜素含量差异不大，而其他时期则存在显著差异。所有羽衣甘蓝品种在幼苗期均未检测到花青苷，观赏期和抽薹期只有紫色品种的内叶检测到花青苷。花青苷含量由高到低依次是‘红鹤’、‘大阪红’、‘桃鹤’、‘名古屋红’、‘红寿’、‘红鸥’、‘粉鹤’。

Studies on Change of Pigment Contents During Different Developmental Stages Among Several Flowering Kale Cultivars

To explore the mechanism of leaf color formation in flowering kale, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin in inner (colored leaves) and outer leaves (non-colored leaves) of 12 cultivars were studied. The result indicated that the content of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid in outer leaves for all cultivars gradually decreased during developmental stages. The chlorophyll content in outer leaves decreaseed apparently at ornamental stage, especially for Nagoya red, which is only 65.7% of that of seedling stage. Total chlorophyll content in inner leaves decreased more quickly than that in outer leaves, especially for Nagoya white with 96.1% decrease at ornamental phase compared to seedling stage. The carotenoid content of inner leaves at bolting stage was higher than that of ornamental stage. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and carotenoid to chlorophyll for inner leaves was higher than that of outer leaves. Pigment contents were also different among different cultivars. in the growing period, with a significant difference observed among all varieties with the exception of carotenoid content which was similar in all varieties in seedling period. The the highest content of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid in outer leaves was observed in Nagoya red at seedling and ornamental stage, and the lowest in Pink crane. Carotenoid content was dramatically different among different cultivars except for those at seedling stage. There was no anthocyanin detected in all cultivars at seedling stage. Anthocyanin was only detected in inner leaves of purple cultivars at ornamental and bolting stage. Anthocyanin content was ranked in a decreasing order as Flamingoes, Osaka red, Peach crane, Nagoya red, Koju No. 2, Kamome, Pink crane.