唐山地区空中云水资源特征及开发潜力分析

为了解唐山空中云水资源特征,有效开发空中云水资源,更好地服务于工农业生产,利用唐山11个观测站56年的地面水汽压、降水资料和唐山4个地基GPS 2010年6月—2012年10月的月平均大气可降水量数据,分析唐山地区整层大气可降水量和自然降水效率的时空分布特征。结果表明：唐山地区空中云水资源丰富,开发潜力较大。唐山地区平均年大气可降水量为6914.2 mm,自然降水效率为8.9%;唐山地区可降水量基本上从北到南逐渐增加,与降水量和自然降水效率大致相反;年代际变化不明显,年可降水量略有上升,自然降水效率略有下降;月、季分布特征相似,月分布二者都呈单峰型,7月最大,1月最小,可降水量和自然降水效率均为夏季最大,春秋相当,冬季最小。

The Characteristics of Water Resources in the Air and Analysis on Exploitation Potential in Tangshan Area

In order to realize the characteristics of cloud water resources, develop efficiently it and serve the industrial and agricultural production, the author used 56 years surface vapor pressure data and raining data of 11 stations in Tangshan and the GPS data, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitable water and precipitation efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that: water resource in the air was abundant and the exploitation potential was great. Annual precipitable water in Tangshan was 6914.2 mm, the natural precipitation efficiency was 8.9%; the precipitable water of Tangshan increased gradually from north to south, the distribution of precipitation and precipitation efficiency was opposite with the precipitable water; the interdecadal variation of them was not obvious, annual precipitable water increased slightly, but the natural precipitation efficiency declined slightly; the distribution characteristics in month and season of them was similar; the monthly distribution of them was unimodal; they are maximum in July, but they were minimum in January; the precipitable water and the natural precipitation efficiency were maximum in summer, they were lower in spring and autumn, they were minimum in winter.