煤矿废水对岩溶区水源及土壤污染、危害与评价

为了研究煤矿废水对地下水、表水、土壤污染及危害状况以及可能对农作物污染程度的评价，通过对研究区的地下水、地表水进行全面调查分析后，对受煤矿废水污染的水源、土壤进行重金属含量及相关项目的检测分析及质量评价。结果表明：未污染的地下水（泉水）水质良好，受煤矿废水直接污染的3、9、17号地下水域及表水水质很坏，除Pb、Cr、Hg外，Cu、Cd、Zn、Ni、As、pH值、SO42-项目全部超出当地地下水背景值，最大达89倍(Cd)，质量评级为重度污染。污染水源按饮用水标准，判别出超标项目主要为Cd、Ni元素及pH，最高达9.8倍(Cd)，质量评级为重度危害；按农田灌溉用水标准，判别出超标元素为Cd，高达4.4倍，质量评级为重度危害；按土壤环境质量二级标准判别出土壤中污染的元素为Cd，高达10.5倍，质量评级为重度危害、对农作物重度污染。

Study on the Water and Soil Pollution in Karst Area, Harm from Coal Mine Waste Water and Evaluation

In order to study the pollution and the damage situation of coal mine waste water to groundwater, surface water and soil, and study the coal mine waste water pollution assessment to the crops, after the comprehensive investigation and analysis to the groundwater and surface water in the study area, and heavy metal content and related item testing analysis to water and soil polluted by the coal mine wastewater and quality evaluation, it indicated that: the quality of unpolluted groundwater (spring water) was good, the quality of No.3, No.9 and No.17 groundwater and surface water which was directly polluted was bad. Besides Pb, Cr and Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, As, PH, SO42- projects beyond the local background value of groundwater, the largest up to 89 times (Cd), with the quality rating of high levels of pollution. Polluted water by drinking water standard discriminate out mainly for Cd Ni element and pH value, up to 9.8 times (Cd), with the quality rating of the severe pollution; Polluted water by Farmland irrigation water standard discriminate out for Cd, up to 4.4times, with the quality rating of the severe harm; polluted water by soil environmental quality secondary standard discriminate out for Cd, up to 10.5 times, with the quality rating of the severe harm, which had severe pollution to crops.