不同机械种植方式对肇庆水稻生产经济效益的影响

为探究不同机械种植方式对水稻生产经济效益的影响，2010—2012年在广东肇庆怀集县，对钵毯机插、毯状机插、机直播和人工手插4种种植方式进行了比较试验。结果表明：在产量上，2010年早稻，钵毯机插、毯状机插和机直播均比手插低，分别低1.28%、0.96%和7.69%；2011年早稻，也分别较手插低了0.45%、0.67%和8.29%；2012年早稻，则比手插分别提高了12.52%、11.22%和0.00%。3年中，机直播的平均日产量都高于其他种植方式。在经济效益上，2010年早稻，钵毯机插秧、毯状机插和机直播的成本均比手插低，净利润分别增加1.43%、2.14%和-10.84%，而2011年的成本分别较手插变化2.28%、2.28%和-5.90%，净利润分别下降了3.68%、3.20%和10.62%，2012年的成本分别较手插变化2.28%、2.28%和-5.90%，净利润均有提高。由此得出，毯状机插和钵体机插较适用于肇庆早稻生产，而机直播不同年份间产量波动较大。

The Economic Efficiency Influence of Different Mechanical Planting Patterns on Rice in Zhaoqing City

To explore the influence of different mechanical planting patterns on the economic efficiency of rice production, from 2010 to 2012, comparison test was conducted between bowel-blanket mechanical planting, blanket-like mechanical planting, mechanical direct seeding and manual transplanting in Huaiji County Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. Results showed that, the yield of bowel-blanket mechanical planting, blanket-like mechanical planting and mechanical direct seeding in 2010 early season rice was lower than manual transplanting, lower respectively 1.28%, 0.96% and 7.69%. And in 2011, the yield was lower respectively 0.45%, 0.67% and 8.29%, but in 2012, it increased respectively 12.52%, 11.22% and 0.00%. The daily average yield of mechanical direct seeding always was the highest from 2010 to 2012. Comparing with the manual transplanting, the cost of bowel-blanket mechanical planting, blanket-like mechanical planting and mechanical direct seeding in 2010 early season rice decreased significantly, and net profit changed respectively 2.14%, 1.43% and -10.84% . And in 2011, the cost changed respectively 2.28%, 2.28% and -5.90%, and net profit decreased respectively 3.20%, 3.68% and 10.62%. But in 2012, the cost changed respectively 2.28%, 2.28% and -5.90%, and net profit increased significantly. The results showed that, the blanket-like mechanical planting and the bowel-like mechanical planting are more suitable for rice production in Huaiji County Zhaoqing City, but the output fluctuation of mechanical direct seeding is large in different years.