影响西门塔尔牛超数排卵效果的因素研究

为探讨影响西门塔尔牛超数排卵效果的因素，提高供体母牛利用率，加速胚胎移植技术产业化。以头均回收胚数和头均可用胚数为主要技术指标，在湖北和内蒙古乌拉盖进行超排试验，比较经产牛与青年牛、中科院产与加拿大产FSH两种不同超排方案及不同季节等因素对超排效果的影响。结果表明：（1）在农区，青年母牛的头均回收胚数和头均可用胚数分别为9.8、7.5枚，经产母牛分别为7.5、4.2枚，青年母牛显著高于经产母牛(P<0.05)；在牧区，青年母牛头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为10.3、8.4枚，经产母牛分别为8.0、5.5枚，青年母牛显著高于经产母牛 (P<0.05)。（2）在农区，使用中科院产FSH的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为8.0、4.8枚，使用加拿大产FSH分别为9.0、5.9枚，中科院产FSH与加拿大产FSH之间差异不显著(P>0.05)；在牧区，使用中科院产FSH头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为8.8、5.5枚，使用加拿大产FSH分别为9.5、6.5枚，中科院产FSH与加拿大产FSH之间差异亦不显著(P>0.05)。（3）在牧区，方案A(FSH+PG)的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为7.5、4.8枚，方案B(CIDR+E2+P4+FSH+PG)分别为10.5、8.0枚，方案B显著高于方案A (P<0.05)；在农区，方案A的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为7.0、4.2枚，方案B分别为9.6、7.1枚，方案B亦显著高于方案A (P<0.05)。（4）在牧区，夏季的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为9.6、7.5枚，春季分别为6.0、3.5枚，夏季显著高于春季(P<0.05)；在农区，春季的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为8.2、5.4枚，秋季分别为9.0、6.7枚，春季与秋季之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论：（1）青年母牛可作为供体牛的首选；（2）中科院产FSH能获得好的超排效果，且价格便宜，应为超排首选；（3）CIDR+E2+P4+FSH+PG法的超排效果优于FSH+PG法，前者为首选超排方案；（4）牧区应在夏季超排，农区应在春季和秋季超排。

Study on the Factors of Effecting Superovulation in Simmental Cattle

The experiment was conducted to analyze the factors of influencing superovulation in Simmental Cattle, with the aim of increasing the availability of donor cows and accelerating industrialization of the embryo transplantation. The average number of recovered embryos and the average number of available embryos were taken as the main technical indicators, in agricultural areas of Hubei Province and pasturing areas of Inner Mongolia, the main factors of superovulation were compared, including primiparous and heifers, FSH of CAS(Chinese Academy of Sciences) and FSH of Canada, two different superovulation programs and different seasons. The results showed that: (1) The average number of recovered embryos and the average number of available embryos of heifers (9.8, 7.5) were higher than those of primiparous (7.5, 4.2) in agricultural areas (P<0.05), and those of heifers (10.3, 8.4) were higher than those of primiparous (8.0, 5.5) in pasturing areas (P<0.05). (2) There were no significant differences of the average number of recovered embryos and the average number of available embryos between the FSH of CAS (8.0, 4.8) and FSH of Canada (9.0, 5.9) in agricultural areas (P>0.05), and the similar result was acquired in pasturing areas, also no differences between the FSH of CAS (8.8, 5.5) and FSH of Canada (9.5, 6.5; P>0.05). (3) The Superovulation effects of program A (FSH+PG) and program B (CIDR+E2+P4+FSH+PG) were compared. The average number of recovered embryos and the average number of available embryos of program B (10.5, 8.0) were higher than that of program A (7.5, 4.8) in pasturing areas (P<0.05); and program B (9.6, 7.1) were higher than that of program A (7.0, 4.2) in agricultural areas (P<0.05). (4) The average number of recovered embryos and the average number of available embryos in summer (9.6, 7.5) were higher than that of in spring (6.0, 3.5) in pasturing areas (P<0.05). There were no significant differences of the average number of recovered embryos and the average number of available embryos between spring (8.2, 5.4) and autumn (9.0, 6.7) in agricultural areas (P>0.05). In conclusion: (1) Heifers could be the best choice as donors in agricultural and pasturing areas. (2) The FSH of CAS was better choice considering good superovulation result and low price；(3) The superovulation result in application of program B was better than that of program A. (4) For Pasturing areas, superovulation should be performed in summer, and for agricultural areas, superovulation could be performed both in spring and autumn.