不同含水量及冻结温度对黑土冻融循环过程有机碳矿化的影响

[目的] 冻融过程土壤呼吸在年土壤呼吸总量中占有重要比例,研究探讨土壤冻融过程中含水量、冻结温度和冻融循环次数对土壤碳矿化动态的影响。[方法] 以黑龙江省嫩江县鹤山农场九三水土实验站黑土为研究对象,开展室内冻融程度模拟试验,进行7次冻融循环,设置100%田间持水量(100%WHC)、60%田间持水量(60%WHC)和30%田间持水量(30%WHC)3种土壤含水量;10 ℃恒温处理(对照)、-5 ℃冻结处理(轻度冻结)和-15 ℃冻结处理(重度冻结)3种环境温度。[结果] 冻融循环次数、含水量和冻结温度对CO₂排放量有显著影响,影响度分别为-0.63,0.21,0.14。解冻过程显著增加土壤碳矿化量;轻度冻结时,前3次冻融循环60%WHC土壤碳矿化量比100%WHC和30%WHC分别提高33.0%,35.2%,后4次冻融循环差异不明显;重度冻结时,前2次冻融循环100%WHC土壤碳矿化量,比60%WHC和30%WHC土壤分别提高25.2%,68.0%,后5次冻融循环差异不明显。[结论] 冻融循环次数对土壤CO₂排放量影响最大,含水量次之,冻结温度最小。冻融作用增加低含水量土壤的CO₂累积排放量;降低高含水量土壤的CO₂累积排放量;而对中等含水量土壤,轻度冻结增加CO₂累积排放量,重度冻结降低CO₂累积排放量。一级动力学方程对冻融土壤CO₂排放量的拟合效果较好(R²>0.997),含水量和冻结温度对有机碳矿化潜力C₀值有显著影响。

Effects of Different Moisture Content and Freezing Temperature on Organic Carbon Mineralization During Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Black Soil

[Objective] Soil respiration occupies an important proportion in the annual total soil respiration during freeze-thaw process. The effects of water content, freezing temperature and freeze-thaw cycles on soil carbon mineralization dynamics during soil freeze-thaw process were studied. [Methods] The study focuses on chernozem soil from the Nenjiang County Heshan Farm Jiusan Soil and Water Experimental Station in Heilongjiang Province, China was used as the research object to carry out an indoor freeze-thaw degree simulation test. Seven freeze-thaw cycles were carried out, and three soil moisture content were set 100% field water holding capacity (100% WHC), 60% field water holding capacity (60% WHC), and 30% field water holding capacity (30% WHC). Additionally, three environmental temperatures were used a constant 10 °C (control), -5 °C (mild freezing) and -15 °C (severe freezing). [Results] The number of freeze-thaw cycles, moisture content and freezing temperature had significant effects on CO₂ emissions and the impact degrees were -0.63, 0.21 and 0.14, respectively. The thawing process notably increased soil carbon mineralization. The soil carbon mineralization of 60% WHC in the first three freeze-thaw cycles increased 33.0% and 35.2%, respectively, compared with 100% WHC and 30% WHC in the last 4 freeze-thaw cycles. In the case of severe freezing, the carbon mineralization of 100% WHC soil in the first 2 freeze-thaw cycles increased by 25.2% and 68.0% respectively, compared with 60% WHC and 30% WHC soil in the last 5 freeze-thaw cycles. [Conclusion] The number of freeze-thaw cycles had the greatest effect on soil CO₂ emission, followed by moisture content, and the least freezing temperature. The freeze-thaw effect increased the cumulative CO₂ emissions of soil with low water content. The cumulative CO₂ emission of soil with high water content was reduced. For soils with medium moisture content, mild freezing increased CO₂ cumulative emissions, while severe freezing decreased them. The first-order kinetic equation fitted the CO₂ emissions from freeze-thaw soil well (R² > 0.997), both moisture content and freezing temperature significantly influenced the potential for organic carbon mineralization (C₀ value).