位移差动自感式磁流变阻尼器设计与试验

针对磁流变车辆半主动悬架减振系统中使用磁流变阻尼器与传感器分离布置易造成安装空间大、系统可靠性低、维护成本高以及传感器信号易受外部环境干扰等不足,设计了一种位移差动自感式磁流变阻尼器。该阻尼器活塞头凹槽内缠绕2层铜线圈,内层线圈为阻尼励磁线圈,通过控制阻尼励磁线圈输入电流就可控制输出阻尼力,实现阻尼力可控;外层线圈为产生感应电压信号所需感应激励线圈,当给感应激励线圈通入高频交流电励磁信号时,缠绕在绕线缸体上的两组感应线圈可分别感应出同频率的位移信号,并通过差动原理实现位移差动自感应。推导了位移差动自感应数学模型;搭建测试系统进行自感应特性测试及阻尼力学性能分析。试验结果表明:静态拉伸时阻尼器活塞位移与感应电压成线性关系;动态拉伸时,当振幅分别为5、10、15 mm时,能够产生幅值为0.3、0.6、0.9 V的感应电压,通过拟合可得到阻尼器活塞头位移与自感应电压成线性关系;给阻尼励磁线圈施加1 A直流电时,能产生360 N左右的可控阻尼力。

Design and Experiment of Novel Dispalcement Differential Self-induced Magnetorheological Damper

The separation arrangement of magnetorheological damper (MRD) and sensor in the vehicle semi-active suspension system will result in large installation space, low system reliability and high maintenance cost, especially the external environment interference for the sensor signal. Aiming at these shortcomings, an improved displacement differential self-induced magnetorheological damper (DDSMRD) was developed. There were two layer copper coils wounded on the damper piston head, one was the inner coil, the other was the outer coil. The inner coil can be acted as damping excitation coil, which can control the damping force by adjusting the applied current. The outer coil can be acted as the induced coil, which can generate an induction signal. When the outer coil was input the high frequency AC excitation signal, the self-induced coils wounded on the winding cylinder can generate the displacement signal with the same frequency. Thus, the displacement differential self-induced voltages can be obtained. The mathematical model of the relationship between the self-induced voltage and the damper displacement was derived. A static test rig was built to analyze the self-induced ability, and the results showed that the self induced voltage was linear to the piston displacement under static tension. Through the dynamic tests, an amplitude voltage of 0.3V, 0.6V and 0.9V was obtained under the piston displacement of 5mm, 10mm and 15mm, respectively, which also showed a good linearity. When the inner coil was applied 1A current, the proposed damper can generate 360N damping force.