棉花黄萎病菌与抗黄萎病遗传育种研究进展

简要综述了棉花黄萎病菌及抗黄萎病遗传育种的研究进展。研究表明 ,各地的棉花黄萎病菌均存在致病力的分化 ,其致病机理是病菌侵入棉花后菌丝及孢子在导管内大量繁殖 ,同时刺激邻近的薄壁细胞产生胶状物质及侵填体而堵塞导管 ,使水分和养分运输发生困难 ,更重要的是病菌在棉株体内产生的糖蛋白毒素作用的结果。棉花抗黄萎病的遗传方式争论较大 ,但一般在温室由单一菌系接种鉴定时棉花黄萎病抗性表现为单基因遗传 ,而在田间病圃或用多菌系混合鉴定时 ,棉花黄萎病抗性表现为多基因遗传。由于陆地棉内缺乏高抗黄萎病资源 ,给棉花抗黄萎病育种带来一定困难 ,但 90年代以来 ,已育成 86 - 6、川 73 7、川 2 80 2、豫棉 1 9号、豫棉 2 1号等一些抗黄萎病的新品种。上述抗黄萎病品种在棉花黄萎病综合防治中起了重要作用

Advances in Researches on Inheritance of Verticillium dahliae Kleb.and Resistance Breeding in Cotton

Advances of researches on the inheritance of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and the resistance breeding was summarized. The mechanism of virulence of Verticillium dahliae to cotton is that the vascular bundle is jammed by the mycelium, spore of Verticillium dahliae and callose produced by cotton plant. The other mechanism is the effect of wilt toxin secreted by Verticillium dahliae. The inheritance of verticillium wilt resistance was argued. In general, the inheritance of Verticillium wilt resistance is controlled by main gene when inoculated by single race, while it is controlled by quantitative genes when inoculated by mixed races. The breeding for Verticillium wilt resistance is difficult because lacking of germplasm resistant to Verticillium dahliae. In 1990s, cotton varieties resistant to Verticillium dahliae, such as 86 6, Chuan737, Chuan2802, Yumian19 and Yumian21, have been bred and released. These varieties play important role in the prevention of Verticillium wilt.