辐射花粉授粉诱导甜瓜单倍体

为了掌握辐射花粉授粉诱导甜瓜单倍体技术,以5种基因型甜瓜为材料,通过应用γ射线辐射的花粉进行授粉结合胚胎培养,从2种基因型中获得了单倍体植株,单倍体的平均诱导频率为0.29%。这2种基因型分别属于厚皮和薄皮甜瓜类型。花粉的辐射剂量为300Gy和600Gy时,供试材料的平均坐果率分别为50%和10%。辐射剂量为300Gy时,诱导厚皮甜瓜4810和薄皮甜瓜新富玉形成了单倍体植株,单倍体植株的诱导频率分别为0.55%和0.63%;剂量为600Gy时未能诱导供试材料形成单倍体。研究结果表明母本的基因型和花粉的辐射剂量对坐果率和单倍体的产生有一定的影响。此外,对单倍体植株与正常二倍体植株的形态学进行了比较观察,结果表明单倍体植株生长势弱,叶片较小,雄花和雌花均败育。

Induction of haploid melon (Cucumis melo) plants by pollination with irradiated pollens

Haploid melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants were obtained from two among five genotypes tested through pollination with γ-irradiated pollens and subsequent embryo culture in vitro, the average induction rate was 0.29%. These two genotypes represent thick (C. melo ssp. melo) and thin [C. melo ssp. conomon (Thunb) Greb] rind melon. Average fruit settings of donor plants were 50% and 10%, when the γ-ray doses were 300 Gy and 600 Gy respectively. Haploid were induced from thick and thin rind melon, line 4810 and cultivar Xinfuyu, to which the induction rate of haploid were 0.55% and 0.63% respectively, when the dose was 300 Gy. When the dose was 600 Gy, however, no haploid plant was produced from any tested material. The results indicated that maternal genotypes and irradiation doses had certain effects on both fruit setting and haploid production. Morphological comparison between haploid and diploid donor plants showed that the haploid had smaller leaves and sterile male and female flower, grew less vigorously.