黄淮麦区主推小麦品种对假禾谷镰刀菌所致茎基腐病的抗性

茎基腐病是我国小麦生产上一种新的土传病害,近年在黄淮麦区发生日益加重,成为影响小麦安全生产的新问题。为给该病的防治和抗病育种工作提供依据,本研究以国内新发现的小麦茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)Wz2-8A菌株为接种物,分别以国外抗病材料SUNCO和国内高度感病品种国麦301为抗性对照和感病对照,对黄淮麦区主推小麦品种进行了苗期盆栽接种和田间成株期接种抗性鉴定,并采用病情指数法进行了抗性评价。结果表明,供试品种在室内苗期及田间成株期均无免疫品种和高抗品种,其中室内苗期接种所有品种均表现感病或高度感病;田间病圃成株期抗性鉴定发现兰考198、许科718等10个黄淮麦区主推小麦品种表现为中抗,占供试品种总数的11.36%;焦麦266、郑麦004、郑麦0856等41个品种表现感病,占供试品种总数的46.59%;其余品种表现为高感,平均病情指数最高可达57.97,占供试品种总数的42.05%。本研究发现我国黄淮麦区主推小麦品种对茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌抗性整体较差,需要进一步加强抗病资源筛选,创制新的抗病材料,并充分利用中抗材料进行抗病育种。

Resistance of Wheat Cultivars in Huang Huai Region of China to Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

Crown rot is a new soil borne disease in wheat production in China. It is serious increasingly in winter wheat area of the Huang Huai flood plain of China and has become a new problem which affects stable yield increasing of wheat in recent years. In order to provide the basis for disease control,88 local wheat cultivars were tested by inoculation. At seedling stage and adult plant stage,the resistance of wheat cultivars were tested in the pots and plots with inoculation of Wz2 8A strain of Fusarium pseudograminearum,the dominant pathogen of crown rot in China,and their resistance were evaluated with the disease index method,with SUNCO as resistant control and Guomai 301 as the susceptible control. The results showed that there were no immune or high resistant cultivars to crown rot in all the tested materials. In indoor seedling resistance identification,there was even no moderately resistant cultivars and germplasms observed,all cultivars were susceptible or high susceptible to crown rot. In the adult plant stage in the field,Lankao 198,Xuke 718 and other 8 cultivars showed moderate resistance,with a proportion of 12.36% in all domestic cultivars,there were 41 cultivars were susceptible,with the proportion of 46.59%,the others were highly susceptible. This study found that the resistance of the current main wheat cultivars to crown rot was poorer,which suggested that we need to strengthen the screening of resistant cultivars and resources and breeding for resistance. At the same time,the study also found that some cultivars with moderate resistance in the field,which should be investigated and utilized deeply.