四个鲤鱼种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析

本文采用AFLP技术对黑龙江野鲤、黄河鲤、建鲤和荷包红鲤4个鲤鱼种群共96个个体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示，8对选择性扩增引物共扩增得到502个位点，其中多态性位点273个，多态性比率为54．38％。同时对4个种群的Shannon多样性指数，Nei’s基因多样性等参数进行了分析，结果表明，4个种群的Shannon多样性指数分别为0．2114±0．2705，0．1825±0．2694，0．1888±0．2587和0．1600±0．2426，Nei’s基因多样性指数分别为0．1398±0．1872，0．1225±0．1863，0．1235±0．1774和0．1036±0．1636；总基因多样性（H4）平均值为0．1721±0．0350；种群内基因多样性（Hs）平均值为0．1224±0．0190；基因分化系数（Gst）为0．2892，种群内的基因多样性占总群体的71．08％，种群间为28．92％，而基因流系数（Nm）为1．2291。另一方面，分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果表明，种群平均近交系数（Fst）为0-31191，变异31．19％来自种群间，68．81％来自种群内。4个种群中黑龙江野鲤的种内多态性比例最高，而荷包红鲤种群最低，并且4个鲤鱼种群当前的种质资源良好，具有一定的种群稳定性；建鲤已经开始分化，与亲本荷包红鲤亲缘关系逐渐分化，逐步形成自己稳定的遗传结构。本研究为探讨鲤鱼种群的遗传特性和遗传分化提供参考，也为其种质资源的保护及合理利用提供科学依据。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Four Common Carp Populations by AFLP Markers

In this paper, the genetic diversities of ninety-six individuals from four populations of Hei Longjiang carp （HLJ）, Huanghe carp （HH）, Jian carp （JL） and Hebao red carp （HB） were analyzed by AFLP markers. The results displayed that we totally obtained 273 polymorphic loci of 502 with 8 pairs of selective amplified primers by amplification and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 54.38%. Meanwhile, we analyzed the Shannon information indices, Nei＇s gene diversity etc. of HLJ, HH, JL and HB four populations, the results showed the Shannon information indices was 0.211 4±0.270 5, 0.182 5±0.269 4, 0.188 8±0.258 7 and 0.160 0±0.242 6, respectively and the Nei＇s gene diversity index was 0.139 8±0.187 2, 0.122 5±0.186 3, 0.123 5±0.177 4 and 0.103 6±.163 6, respectively. The average total genetic diversity （Ht） was 0.172 1±0.035 0 and the average genetic diversity within populations （Hs） was 0.122 4±0.019 0. Among the four populations the gene differentiation coefficient （Gst） was 0.289 2, the genetic diversity was 71.08% within populations and 28.92% among the populations, moreover, the gene flow index （Nm） was 1.229 1. On the other hand, the analysis of molecular variance AMOVA analysis indicated that the average fixation index （Fst） was 0.311 91. Variance among populations was 31.19% and 68.81% within populations. The highest polymorphism ratio was showed in the HLJ group and the lowest in HB group. Besides, current germplasm resource of this four common carp populations was in good condition, taking on some population stability, and some genetic differentiations were showed between Jian carp and its parent Hebao red carp, and Jian carp has formed its own stable genetic structure. This research would provide a refference for discussing hereditary traits and genetic differentiation of common carp populations, and also offer some scientific basis for protecting and reasonably utilizing its germplasm resources.