川西林盘庭院林树种组成特征研究

庭院林作为与居民生产生活联系最密切的人居林，构成乡村人居环境的重要部分，充分解构庭院林树种组成特征对于构建乡村美丽庭院和保护乡土植物景观具有重要意义。研究典型抽样川西平原33个林盘，并全面调查750户庭院中的木本植物和庭院空间，分析内外庭院的树种组成、垂直结构、树种用途特征。结果表明，研究区3 586株庭院林隶属于43科72属92种，其中84种为乡土树种，优势树种有水杉、枇杷、樟、枫杨、桂花等。52.18%的庭院呈现单一用途，庭院根据植物用途可划分为6种类型，其中观赏美化主导庭院（n=122）为主要类型，其次为多用途庭院（n=95）。内庭院林种植率、丰富度、平均植物多度低于外庭院，内外庭院的优势树种有显著差异，但内庭院各高度层间的树种相似度均高于外庭院。内庭院林树种以强调观赏美化（58.4%）为主，外庭院林以生态防护（31.57%）为主。对于不同种植空间中的庭院林特征研究，可以为林盘植物的保护与发展以及庭院环境建设提供指导，并为庭院林景观及人文特征研究做参考。

Characteristics of the Tree Species Composition of Courtyard in Chuanxi “Linpan”

As one of the human habitat forests,courtyard forest has the most close relationship with rural residents’ production and life,it plays a critical role in the rural living environments.To study the characteristics of tree species composition of courtyard forest is of importance in the construction of beautiful rural courtyard and the protection of native plantscape.On the basis of field survey on the characteristics of woody plants and spaces of the courtyards of 750 household families of the farmers in 33 rural settlements (“Linpan”) in western Sichuan Plain,the tree species diversity,species visual dominance,the function of trees between inner and outer homegarden and the visually dominant species at different heights were analyzed.A total of 3 586 woody plants belonging to 92 species of 43 families,72 genera were found in the survey area.Among them,84 species were native plants.The main dominant species were Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Eriobotrya japonica,Cinnamomum camphora,Pterocarya stenoptera,and Osmanthus fragrans.Trees planted for single purpose in the courtyard accounted for 52.18%.The courtyards were divided into 6 types according to the functions of plants,among which ornamental dominant courtyard was the main type (n=122),followed by multi-purpose courtyard (n=95).And the planting frequency,the average plant abundance,species richness of inner garden forest were lower than that of those of the outer garden.The dominant species at different heights in the inner and outer gardens was significantly different,and the similarity of tree species in inner garden was higher than that of the outer.Moreover,the tree species in the inner courtyard were mainly used for ornamental (58.4%) purpose,while outer courtyard focused on ecological purpose (31.57%).The study on the characteristics of courtyard trees in different garden spaces can provide guidance for the protection and development of native plantscape and the construction of rural garden landscape,and provide reference for the study on landscape and cultural characteristics of courtyard trees.