新疆陆地棉纤维品质演进趋势与改良分析

【目的】 研究2008年以来的新疆棉花纤维品质变化,分析新疆棉花纤维品质的整体状况及发展趋势,为新疆陆地棉纤维品质改良提供参考。【方法】 收集2008～2018年我国棉花公证检验检测数据,分年度、分区域整理,分析新疆棉花纤维品质演进趋势。【结果】 11年来,新疆棉花公检占比呈逐年增加的趋势,由2008年的65.1%增长到2018年的98.3%。纤维长度呈现出先下降后上升再到平稳的趋势,2018年已达29.2 mm,高于全国平均水平。其中,2016～2018年提升较快,“30~32 mm”棉包所占比较2011～2015年提高8.3个百分点;新疆棉花平均纤维比强度呈波动变化趋势,2017～2018年提升明显,2018年平均为28.4 cN/tex,比强度“≥29 cN/tex”的棉包占比达34.2%;新疆棉花纤维整齐度变化较小,高于全国平均值,且新疆地方棉花优于兵团,较后者高0.3个百分点,“高级及以上级” 整齐度占比新疆棉花呈现出波动下降的趋势,其中地方棉花下降态势较明显;新疆棉花马克隆值呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,“A+B级”平均占比高于全国。兵团棉花马克隆值好于地方,“A+B” 级年均占比较后者高出5.5个百分点;新疆棉花品级呈现出向好的方向发展,好于全国平均水平,地方棉花质量优于兵团。【结论】 新疆棉花对全国棉花贡献日益增大。近3年来,新疆棉花在纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、整齐度、品级均明显提升,但也存在比强度较差、平均整齐度下降,以及高比强度、高整齐度棉花占比偏低等问题。在新疆棉花品种技术研发、示范推广及加工体系建设等方面,制定科学可行的产业政策,为实现新疆棉花适度规模、优质高效、绿色可持续的发展目标提供支撑。

Development Trend and Improvement Suggestions of Fiber Quality of Upland Cotton in Xinjiang

【Objective】 Through the analysis of the changes of cotton fiber quality in Xinjiang since 2008, the this paper aims to comprehensively understand the overall situation and development trend of cotton fiber quality in Xinjiang, to clarify the existing problems, and to provide reference for scientific research and related industry decision-making in the future period.【Methods】 By querying China cotton notarization inspection and testing data from 2008 to 2018, the data were sorted by year and region to analyze the quality of Xinjiang cotton fiber.【Result】 In the past 11 years, the percentage of Xinjiang cotton public inspection has been increasing year by year, from 65.1% in 2008 to 98.3% in 2018. In terms of fiber length, it showed a trend of decreasing first, then rising, and then being stable, reaching 29.2mm by 2018, which was higher than the national average. Among them, the increase was rapid from 2016 to 2018, and the percentage of "30-32mm" cotton bales increased by 8.3% from 2011 to 2015. In terms of fiber specific strength, the average fiber specific strength of Xinjiang cotton fluctuated. The improvement was obvious from 2017 to 2018. The average was 28.4 cN/tex in 2018, and the proportion of cotton bales with a specific strength "≥29 cN/tex" accounted for 34.2%. In terms of fiber uniformity, Xinjiang cotton has changed less than the national average. And the LAXJ cotton is better than the XPCG, 0.3 % higher than the latter. The proportion of "high-level and above" uniformity shows a trend of declining fluctuations in Xinjiang. Among them, the decline in LAXJ cotton is more obvious. In terms of micronaire, Xinjiang cotton showed a downward trend and then an upward trend. The average proportion of “A + B” was higher than that of the whole country. The micronaire of cotton in regimental farms was better than that of the other local areas, with an average annual rate of 5.5 %. In terms of grade, Xinjiang cotton demonstrated a good development, better than the national average, and the quality of LAXJ cotton is better than that of XPCC.【Conclusion】 Xinjiang cotton has increasingly contributed to the national cotton. In the past 3 years, Xinjiang cotton has improved significantly in terms of fiber length, strength, micronaire, uniformity, and grade, but it also faces some problems, such as lower strength, lower uniformity, and lower proportion of high strength and high uniformity cotton. Therefore, in the near future, we should consider the above deficiencies in the construction of cotton industry system in Xinjiang, make scientific and feasible policies, and finally provide support for the sustainable development of cotton in Xinjiang.