棉花与几种作物根际土壤酶活性及细菌多样性分析

【目的】 研究种植不同抗病性棉花以及不同经济作物对根际土壤酶活性以及细菌多样性影响,为棉田土壤微生态调控技术提供依据。【方法】 利用土壤酶检测试剂盒及高通量测序技术,检测分析不同抗病性棉花及种作物根际土壤酶活性及细菌多样性。【结果】 不同抗病性棉花根际土壤过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、脲酶活性均没有显著差异,5与7月2个采样时期之间无显著差异;棉花与水稻间作处理过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶和脲酶分别较棉花单作升高3.84%、28.7%、45.2%,水稻处理较棉花单作升高8.87%、102.4%、80.4%,间作对土壤酶活性表现出提升作用,但未达到显著水平;苜蓿、大豆、花生3种豆科作物根际土壤酶活性普遍高于甜菜、番茄和玉米,但是未达到显著差异。耐病品种新陆中66号与感病品种军棉1号根际土壤的细菌OTU数量和α多样性指数均无显著差异。大豆、花生、苜蓿3种豆科作物根际土壤细菌的OTU数量和Ace、Chao1指数均高于棉花,番茄、玉米、甜菜3种作物根际土壤细菌OTU数量和α多样性指数均低于棉花,其中大豆的增幅较大,甜菜降幅较大,但是不同作物之间未达到显著性差异。【结论】 单季生育期内,种植不同抗病性棉花品种和不同作物、棉花-水稻间作等均未对根际土壤酶活性、细菌数量和多样性造成显著影响,棉花与不同作物搭配、间作等模式改变棉田土壤的微生态环境可能需要较长的生长周期。

Analysis of Soil Enzyme Activity and Bacterial Diversity in Rhizosphere of Cotton and Several Economic Crops

【Objective】 The objective of the present investigation is to clarify effects of planting different disease-resistant cottons and different economic crops on soil enzyme activity and bacterial diversity in rhizosphere, and provide basis for exploring soil microecological regulation and control techniques in cotton fields.【Method】 Soil enzyme activity and bacterial diversity in rhizosphere of different disease-resistant cottons and six kinds of economic crops were detected by employing soil enzyme detection kit and high throughput sequencing technology.【Result】 There was no significant difference in catalase, dehydrogenase and urease activities in rhizosphere soil of cotton with different disease resistance, and there was no significant difference of the two sampling periods between May and July. Catalase, dehydrogenase and urease in the intercropping treatment between cotton and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were 3.84%, 28.7% and 45.2% higher than those in cotton monoculture, respectively, and those in rice treatment were 8.87%, 102.4% and 80.4% higher than those in cotton monoculture, respectively. Intercropping had an increase effect on soil enzyme activity, but it did not reach a significant level. The activities of soil enzymes in rhizosphere of three leguminous crops, Medicago sativa L., soybean and peanut, were generally higher than those of sugar beet, tomato and corn, but there was no significant difference. There was no significant difference in bacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and α diversity index between disease-resistant variety Xinluzhong 66 and disease-susceptible variety Junmian 1. The OTU number and Ace and Chao1 index of soil bacteria in rhizosphere of soybean, peanut and Medicago sativa L. were higher than those of cotton. The OTU number and α diversity index of soil bacteria in rhizosphere of three crops of tomato, corn and beet were lower than those of cotton, of which the increase of those of soybean was greater while the decrease of those of beet was greater, but there was no significant difference among different crops.【Conclusion】 During the single growth period, planting different disease-resistant cotton varieties and different crops, cotton-rice intercropping did not significant affect the enzyme activity, bacterial number and diversity of rhizosphere soil. It may take a longer growth cycle to change the soil microecological environment of cotton field through cotton and different crop collocation and intercropping and other modes.