Effect of N fertilizer top-dressing at various reproductive stages on growth,N2 fixation and yield of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands;2. Agrosystems Department, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran;2. School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Building Y, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;3. College of Agriculture, California Polytechnic State University, Pomona, 3081 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, CA 91768, USA;1. Unite Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;2. National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan;3. College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;4. Soil Ecology Research Group, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;1. The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University Park, PA 16802, USA;2. Formerly University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA |
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| Abstract: | Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most important food and cash crops in China and a key protein source for the farmers in northern China. Previous experiments in both the field and greenhouse have shown that N2 fixation alone cannot meet the N requirement for maximizing soybean yield, and that N top-dressing at the flowering stage was more efficient than N top-dressing at the vegetative stages. However, the effect of N fertilizer application at other reproductive stages of soybean is unknown. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of N applications at various reproductive stages on growth, N2 fixation and yield of three soybean genotypes. The results showed that starter N at 25 kg ha−1 resulted in minimum yield, total N accumulation and total amount of N2 fixed in all three genotypes. N top-dressing at 50 kg ha−1 at either the V2 or R1 stages, significantly increased N accumulation, yield and total amount of N2 fixed in all three genotypes. However, N top-dressing at the same rate at either the R3 or R5 stage did not show this positive effect in any of the three genotypes. Thus, the best timing for N top-dressing during reproduction is at the flowering stage, which increased seed yield by 21% for Wuyin 9, 27% for You 91-19, and 26% for Jufeng, respectively, compared to the treatment without N top-dressing. |
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