农民合作社规制与社员绿色生产行为：激励抑或约束

为探究农民合作社规制对社员绿色生产行为的影响，利用四川省695份社员微观调查数据和Oprobit等模型，对合作社激励性和约束性规制的影响及交互作用进行了实证检验，结果表明：1）农民合作社激励性和约束性规制均够促使社员参与绿色生产。2）异质性层面，合作社规制更能促使生产规模大、文化程度高等类别社员参与绿色生产，小规模、低收入群体更适用于激励性规制。3）分散经营型合作社对社员生产行为的规制作用明显弱化，而经济激励可以有效缓解规制弱化问题。村委领办型合作社的约束性规制作用明显大于个人领办型，完全横向合作型合作社约束性规制作用更强。4）合作社约束性规制和激励性规制之间起到了负向调节的作用，即约束性规制的增强削弱了激励性规制的作用强度，而激励性规制的强化也会一定程度上减小约束性作用。基于此，提出加强对经济欠发达区、小规模、低收入社员的经济激励力度；强化硬性制度要求对经济发达区、资源禀赋较高社员群体的约束作用；根据合作社经营模式、领办主体和产品销路等组织特质选取约束性或激励性规制。

Regulation and green production behavior of farmers' cooperatives: Incentive or constraint

In order to study the effect of regulation on the green production behavior of farmers'' cooperatives, this study uses 695 micro-survey data of farmers'' cooperatives in Sichuan Province and Oprobit model to test the influence and interaction of incentive and restrictive regulation on cooperatives. The results show that: 1)The regulation of farmers'' cooperatives can promote the members to participate in green production, and the incentive regulation is more obvious than the restrictive regulation. 2)On the level of Heterogeneity, cooperative regulation can encourage members with large scale of production and high level of education to participate in green production, while small scale, low income groups and less developed areas are more suitable for incentive regulation. 3)The regulatory effect of decentralized cooperatives on the productive behavior of its members is obviously weakened, and economic incentives can effectively alleviate the problem. The restrictive regulation effect of village committee-led cooperatives is obviously greater than that of the individual-led cooperatives, and the restrictive regulation effect of completely horizontal cooperatives is stronger. 4)The restrictive regulation and the incentive regulation of cooperatives play a negative role, that is, the strengthening of the restrictive regulation weakens the intensity of the incentive regulation, the strengthening of incentive regulation will also reduce the restrictive effect to a certain extent. Based on this, the study proposes to strengthen the economic incentive to the less-developed areas, small-scale and low-income members, and strengthen the restrictive effect of the rigid system on the economically developed areas and the members with higher resource endowment. The restrictive or incentive regulations are selected according to the characteristics of the cooperative management model, the leading Party and the product marketing.