西北旱区滚勺式胡麻联合播种机的设计与试验

针对西北旱区胡麻精密种植效率低下的问题，设计一种集施肥、滴灌、覆膜、覆土和穴播联合作业为一体的胡麻播种机。根据农艺种植要求，对整机关键部件作业分析和理论计算，确定播种装置、覆膜覆土装置的部分结构和作业参数。为提高滚轮式穴播器取种的精量与稳定性，以引种槽长度、穴播器转速、取种勺截面高为影响因素，以排量一致性变异系数和穴粒数合格指数为试验指标，进行三因素三水平胡麻播种台架试验，并进行田间验证试验。台架试验结果表明:当引种槽长度为31 mm，穴播器转速为25 r/min，取种勺截面高为5 mm时，穴播器排量一致性变异系数和穴粒数合格指数分别为1.57%和97.54%；田间验证试验结果表明:在相同条件下，胡麻联合播种机的各行排量一致性变异系数和穴粒数合格指数分别为3.85 %和93.33%，与台架试验结果接近，满足西北旱区胡麻种植农艺要求。

Design and test of rolling spoon type flax combined seeder in the arid area of Northwest China

In order to solve the problem of low precision planting efficiency of flax in the arid area of Northwest China, a flax seed with the functions of fertilization, drip irrigation, plastic film mulching, soil mulching and hole sowing was designed. According to the requirements of agronomic planting, the operation analysis and theoretical calculation of the key components of the whole machine were performed, and some structures and operation parameters of sowing device and film mulching device were determined. In order to improve the precision and stability of the roller hole seeder, the length of the introduction trough, the rotational speed of the hole seeder and the cross section height of the seed spoon were taken as the influencing factors. The consistency variation coefficient of discharge and the qualified index of the number of grains in the hole were taken as the experimental index. The bench test of three factors and three levels of flax sowing was carried out, and the field verification experiment was conducted. The results of bench test show that: When the length of introduction trough is 31 mm, the rotational speed of hole seeder is 25 r/min, and the cross section height of seed spoon is 5 mm, the consistency variation coefficient of hole seeder discharge and the qualified index of hole grain number are 1. 57% and 97. 54%, respectively. The field verification test results show that under the same conditions, the row discharge consistency variation coefficient and hole grain number qualified index of flax combined seed are 3. 85% and 93. 33%, respectively, which are close to the results of bench test. Therefore, the flax combined seeder designed in this study can meet the agronomic requirements of flax planting in the arid area of Northwest China.