6个油橄榄品种的花粉特性

为给油橄榄花而不实、坐果率低等问题的解决提供理论依据,以‘城固’‘鄂植’‘莱星’‘皮削利’‘中山’‘佛奥’这6个油橄榄品种为研究材料,对其花粉特性及花粉萌发情况进行了研究。结果表明:6个品种花粉均为长圆形,其纵横径均在150~260μm之间,‘城固’的纵径最小,‘佛奥’的横径最小;‘鄂植’‘莱星’‘中山’‘佛奥’的花粉量均在110 000个/单花左右,‘城固’与‘皮削利’的花粉量均在80 000个/单花左右;6个品种的花粉畸形率均在5%~15%之间,品种间的差异不显著;‘莱星’‘皮削利’‘鄂植’‘佛奥’的花粉生活力均在85%以上,‘莱星’‘鄂植’‘佛奥’‘中山’4个品种在采后24 h内的花粉生活力均大于60%;6个品种的花粉萌发率均在20%~50%之间。

Pollen characteristics of six olive cultivars

In order to provide some theoretical basis for solving the problems of olive flowering without bearing,low fruit setting rate,and so on,using six olive cultivars ‘Chenggu’,‘Ezhi’,‘Leccino’,‘Picholine’,‘Zhongshan’ end ‘Frantoio’ as research materials,characteristics and germination status of pollens were researched.The results showed that pollens of all the six olive cultivars were oval,and longitudinal and transverse diameters of pollens were from 150 μm to 260 μm.Longitudinal diameter of ‘Chenggu32’ pollen was the shortest,while transverse diameter of ‘Frantoio’ pollen was the shortest.The pollen amount per flower of ‘Ezhi’,‘Leccino’,‘Zhongshan’ and ‘Frantoio’ was about 110 000,while that of ‘Chenggu’ and ‘Picholine’ was about 80 000.Malformed pollen rates of the six cultivars all ranged from 5％ to 15％,without obvious difference between them.Pollen viabilities of ‘Leccino’,‘Picholine’,‘Ezhi’ and ‘Frantoio’ were all above 85％,and pollen viabilities of‘Leccino’,‘Ezhi’,‘Frantoio’ and ‘Zhongshan’ were all above 60％ within 24 h.Pollen germination rates of all of the six cultivars ranged from 20％ to 50％.