氮肥减量对东北坡岗地土壤养分及玉米产量的影响

为探讨东北黑土区玉米合理的施肥方式,减少化肥过量施用导致的氮素流失造成的环境风险,为氮肥的合理利用提供依据,在黑龙江省方正县布置田间小区试验,设置5个试验处理,研究不同施肥量对黑土区玉米地养分含量的影响,以及不同施肥量对玉米产量的影响。结果显示:减肥25%处理玉米产量最高。施氮量越大,硝态氮残留量越大,5个处理硝态氮含量在玉米不同生长阶段不同土层呈显著变化。肥料的减量对碱解氮含量的变化影响不显著。随土层深度的增加,土壤碱解氮和硝态氮均呈显著下降趋势。氮肥施用量的减少对土壤中有机质含量影响不显著。化肥的减量对土壤表层速效磷含量基本无影响,对10~30 cm土层速效磷含量影响与施肥量无明显规律性关系。综合考虑玉米产量和生态环境效益,以减肥25%为最佳施用量。

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Nutrient and Corn Yield of Northeast Slope Land

The paper aims to explore rational fertilization method for corn production in northeast black earth region, reduce nitrogen loss caused by excessive application of fertilizer, and provide basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer. The authors set up five treatments in Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province, to study the effect of different fertilizer application amounts on soil nutrient and maize yield in black earth region. The results showed that the treatment of 25% fertilizer reduction had the highest corn yield. The nitrate nitrogen residual quantity increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount, nitrate nitrogen content showed significant differences among different maize growth periods and soil layers. Fertilizer reduction had little effect on available nitrogen content. Nitrate nitrogen and available nitrogen content all showed decrease trend with the increase of soil layer. The reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application amount had no significant effect on soil organic matter. The reduction of fertilizer had little effect on soil available phosphorus in surface soil, soil available phosphorus in 10-30 cm soil layer and fertilizer application amount had no obvious regularity. Considering maize yield and ecological environmental benefits, the treatment of 25% fertilizer reduction was the best.