小麦-玉米高产区肥料施用状况与养分平衡研究

以兖州市为例,分析了1985年以来高产粮区的肥料施用和养分平衡状况。结果表明:1985- 1993年兖州市的化肥施用量呈逐年递增趋势,1993年以后化肥施用量基本趋于稳定。小麦单产从 1985到1997年稳定增加,1997年以后有下降趋势;玉米单产从1985-1994年稳定增加,1995年以 后变化很大。粮食总产和单产在1985-1994年稳定增加,1995以后波动比较大。化肥用量与粮食总 产和单产之间显著相关。施肥现状调查表明,小麦上化肥N、P2O5、K2O平均用量分别是289．3 kg/hm2、 212．1 kg/hm2、112．7 kg/hm2。分别占粮食作物肥料总投入量的22．6％、16．6％和8．8％;玉米上化肥N、 P2O5、K2O平均用量分别为462．3 kg/hm2、143．0 kg/hm2、58．8 kg/hm2,分别占粮食作物肥料总投入量的 36．2％、11．2％和4．6％。

Fertilizer Application and Nutrient Balance on Wheat and Maize in High Output Area

Fertilizer application and nutrient balance from 1985 in Yanzhou were discussed in this paper, the results showed that chemical fertilizer consumption was increasing from 1985 to 1993, yet, it changed little after 1993 Wheat yield increased stablely from 1985 to 1997,and decreased after 1997. Maize yield increased stablely from 1985 to 1994, and changed greatly after 1995. The yield of grain crop increased stablely from 1985 to 1994, it changed greatly after 1995.Significant relationship existed between fertilizer consumption and grain yield . Investigation indicated that the average fertilizer consumption on wheat of N, P2O5 and K2O is 289.3 kg/hm2, 212.1 kg/hm2,112.7 kg/hm2, respectively, which occupy 23%, 17% and 9% in the total yield of grain crop. The average fertilizer consumption on maize of N, P2O5 and K2O is 462.3 kg/hm2,143.0 kg/hm2 and 58.8 kg/hm2, respectively, which occupy 36%,11% and 5% in the total yield of grain crop .