玉米秸秆液化树脂化研究

[目的]研究玉米秸秆液化及树脂化的工艺条件,进而提高玉米秸秆资源的利用价值及开辟玉米秸秆利用的新途径.[方法]以苯酚为液化剂、磷酸为催化剂对玉米秸秆进行液化,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定玉米秸秆液化的最优工艺;然后对液化产物进行树脂化,利用单因素试验确定树脂化工艺.[结果]玉米秸秆液化的最优工艺条件：液化温度150℃、液化时间165 min、固液比3∶13、磷酸用量10％,该液化工艺条件下,玉米秸秆液化残渣率为l2.1％;树脂化工艺条件：甲醛与液化产物摩尔比1.8、NaOH与液化产物摩尔比0.35、树脂化合成温度85℃、保温时间40 min、水与液化产物摩尔比8.0,该工艺条件下可生产获得综合性能较好的玉米秸秆液化物树脂,用其压制的胶合板干状强度1.788 MPa、湿状强度0.812 MPa,胶合强度符合国家标准（GB/T 17657-1999）对Ⅰ类胶合板的要求（≥0.700MPa）.[结论]以玉米秸秆液化产物制备的酚醛树脂胶黏剂可用于木材加工.

Liquefaction and resinification of corn straw

[Objective ]The processing conditions for liquefaction and resinification of corn straw were studied in order to open up a new channel of corn straw utilization and improve its utilization value. [ Method ] Corn stalk was liquefied in the presence of phenol under phosphoric acid catalysis, and the optimum conditions of liquefaction were determined through single factor analysis and orthogonal experiment. The technique for phenol formaldehyde （PF） resin from liquefied corn stalk was studied and the suitable resin process was determined by single factor analysis. [Result]The optimal liquefac- tion technology was 10% catalyst, ratio of corn straw to phenols 3：13 and liquefying at 150 ℃ for 165 min. Under this condition, the liquefaction residue rate of corn straw was 12.1%. In the conditions of formaldehyde/liquefied product （molar ratio） 1.8, NaOH/liquefied product （molar ratio） 0.35, temperature 85 ℃, holding time 40min, and water/liquefied product （molar ratio） 8.0, the dry bond strength of corn straw liquefied product resin reached 1.788 MPa and the wet bond strength reached 0.812 MPa. Its bond strength could meet the requirement of GB/T 17657-1999 4.15 for type I plywood （ ≥0.700 MPa）. [Conclusion]The phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive prepared from the liquefied products of corn straw could be used in wood processing.