几种解毒剂对烟田二氯喹啉酸次生药害的修复效果

【目的】探索烟草除草剂药害修复的有效方法，为烟草生产的可持续健康发展提供保障。【方法】设置不同浓度生物质炭（750、1125、1500和1875 kg/ha）进行盆栽预试验，从中筛选出对烟田土壤中二氯喹啉酸吸收修复效果较好的生物质炭用量，并在田间试验中比较其与其他化学解毒剂（施嘉乐、芸薹素内酯、碧护）的修复效果。【结果】盆栽试验显示，随着生物质炭施用量的增加，烟株叶宽、叶长、株高也不同程度增加，其相应的二氯喹啉酸伤害率逐渐减小，施用量达到1875 kg/ha时，修复效果最好，其与施用量1500 kg/ha时的烟叶叶宽、叶长、株高均无显著差异。在田间试验中生物质炭施用量为1500 kg/ha时，其与施用施嘉乐、芸薹素内酯、碧护处理相比，烟株的叶宽、叶长、株高表现最好，采后烟叶产量和产值最高，无明显减产迹象。【结论】前茬水稻除草剂二氯喹啉酸施用过量时，推荐后茬植烟前施用生物质炭1500 kg/ha均匀还田，以缓解烟株畸形症状。

Remediation effects of different antidotes on phytotoxicity of quinclorac residue in tobacco soil

【Objective】New effective methods of herbicide phytotoxicity alleviation were explored to provide references for reducing phytotoxicity residue of quinclorac in tobacco production. 【Method】Preliminary pot experiments were carried out in four biomass charcoal dosages （750, 1125, 1500 and 1875 kg/ha）, from which the appropriate biomass charcoal dosage with optimal remediation effects were selected and compared with other chemical antidotes （pyrimethanil brassinolide, Vitacat）. 【Result】Leaf width, length and height of tobacco plants were increased at varying degrees, but the phytotoxicity of quinclorac residue was decreased following increasing biomass charcoal dosage. Leaf width, length and height of tobacco plants under the application dosage of 1875 and 1500 kg/ha were not significantly different, and the remediation effects were the best with the application dosage of 1875 kg/ha. A set of 1500 kg/ha biomass charcoal dosage （treatment T3） and three other chemical drugs were employed in the study. The results showed that T3 had relative higher leaf area, leaf length, plant height, yield and output value than other treatments. 【Conclusion】In response to excessive quinclorac, the biomass charcoal dosage of 1500 kg/ha was recommended to alleviate the deformity symptoms of tobacco plant.