柳州市不同生境冬季鸟类多样性调查分析

【目的】调查分析柳州市不同生境冬季鸟类群落的多样性，探究影响鸟类多样性的生境因素，为城市生态建设提供参考。【方法】采用样线法进行调查，计算鸟类群落的多样性指数（H）、均匀度指数（J）和相似性指数（S），并分析鸟类群落的基本结构和多样性特征。【结果】共记录到鸟类13目42科118种，以雀形目占绝对优势，有26科85种。留鸟是柳州市冬季鸟类的主要组成部分，共记录鸟种79种，而冬候鸟共记录34种，旅鸟5种。从鸟类区系来看，东洋种67种，古北种31种，广布种20种。各生境鸟类群落多样性顺序为：城市园林〉农田居民区〉石山灌丛〉湖泊洼地〉商品林区。农田居民区与湖泊洼地鸟类群落的相似性最高。【结论】空间异质性和食物资源是影响柳州市冬季鸟类群落多样性的重要因素，可通过优化树种结构、改善生境、加强保护宣传等方式，提高城市冬季鸟类多样性。

Avian diversity analysis in winter in different habitats of Liuzhou City, Guangxi

Objective]Avian diversity in different habitats of Liuzhou City in winter were investigated and analyzed to find out the habitat factors and provide references for city ecological construction. Method]Using line transect, species diversity （H＇）, evenness（J）, and similarity index （S） between different habitat communities were calculated for each sample to investi- gate the structure of community and its diversity. Result]A total of 118 bird species, belonging to 42 families of 13 orders, was recorded. Passeriformes was in the dominant position （26 families and 85 species）. Residents, winter migrant and passing mi- grant were 79 species, 34 species and 5 species. In the whole species, oriental species, palaearctic species and cosmopolitan species were 67, 31 and 20, respectively. Diversity index order in different habitats was urban wood〉 village - farmland 〉 shrub of rocky mountain〉lake billabong 〉commercial forest. The similarity index between village - farmland and commercial forest was the highest. Conclusion]Spatial heterogeneity and food resources were important factors influencing bird diversity in winter, and bird diversity could be enhanced by optimizing tree structure, improving habitat, and strengthening protection pro- paganda.