南岳衡山野生药用植物资源组成及药用特点

采用查阅资料和线路调查与样地调查相结合的方法,研究了南岳衡山野生药用植物资源组成和药用特点。结果表明:南岳衡山药用植物有167科467属817种,其中蕨类植物32科49属100种,裸子植物4科4属4种,被子植物131科414属713种。含10种药用植物以上的科有21科,其中菊科56种,蔷薇科33种,蝶形花科30种。817种药用植物中,木本植物254种,占31.09%,草本植物563种,占68.91%。各类药用功效植物占药用植物总数的比例变化范围在0.49%~33.78%之间,相差较大,属于I级(10.00%)有14类,II级(10.01%~20.00%)有3类,Ⅲ级(20.01%)有5类。药用植物中,同类器官入药的植物种数占药用植物总种数的百分比变化范围在0.98%~32.80%之间,其中一级(10.00%)所含植物的器官有木材类,节类,藤及藤茎类,树(枝)皮类和花类等5类,占器官总类别的50.00%;二级(10.01%~20.00%)所含植物的器官有茎及地下茎,果及种子类,枝叶等3类,占30.00%;三级(20.01%)有全株类和根及根皮类,占20.00%。药用植物中,直接用于临床的药材泡制材料的维管束植物有220种。

Composition characters and pharmaceutics analysis of wild medicinal plants in Nanyue Hengshan

By using a mixture of traverse survey and sample area survey,in addition to referring to existing research results and literature,the composition characters and utilization of wild medicinal plants in Nanyue Hengshan Mountain were studied. The results showed that,the medicinal plant in Nanyue Hengshan Mountain had 167 families 467 genera 817 species,including ferns in 32 families 49 genera 100 species,gymnosperms in 4 families 4 genera 4 species,angiosperms in 131 families 414 genera 713 species. There were 21 families which had more than 10 species of medicinal plants,including 56 species of Asteraceae,33 species of Rosaceae and 30 species of Papilionaceae. Among 817 species of medicinal plants,there were 254 species of woody plant,accounting for 31. 09%,and 563 species of herbaceous plant,accounting for 68. 91%. Each medicinal efficacy plant’ s proportion to all medicinal plants differed considerably from 0. 49% to 33. 78%,including 14 level I classes（ ＆lt; 10. 00%）,3 level Ⅱ classes（ 10. 01% - 20. 00%） and 5 level Ⅲ classes（ ＆gt; 20. 01%）. Among medicinal plant,the proportion of the plant with medicinal organs to all medicinal plant differed considerably from 0. 98% to 32. 80%. The level I（ ＆lt; 10. 00%） plant’ s organs had 5 classes which could be classified as wood,knot,ivy and vines,bark（ branch） and flower,accounting for 50% of organ classes; the level II（ 10. 01% to 20. 00%） plant’ s organs had 3 classes which could be classified as stem and underground stem, fruit and seed,leaf,accounting for 30. 00%; The level III ones had 2 classes which could be classified as whole plant and root,accounting for 20. 00%. There were 220 species of vascular plants which could be directly used as clinicalmedical materials.