夏玉米品种盐碱胁迫耐受能力评价

以郑单958为对照,在盆栽条件下,对土壤进行对照(非盐碱土)、轻度盐碱(0.188%)、中度盐碱(0.268%)3种处理,对12个黄淮海地区主推夏玉米品种分别进行萌发期和苗期的盐碱耐性评价。结果表明,品种间发芽率和发芽势对盐碱胁迫敏感程度存在显著差异,其中,承玉10在中度盐碱条件下发芽率和发芽势相对值分别比郑单958高21%和43%。与对照土壤相比,在轻度盐碱和中度盐碱胁迫条件下,鲁单818根表面积、根体积、总根长均有明显地增加,金海5号、登海605、德利农318则显著下降。在中度盐碱胁迫条件下,济丰96和郑单958叶片MDA含量和SOD活性均有所下降,鲁单818的POD活性和可溶性蛋白相对值均最高。根据轻、中度盐碱土壤下7个指标隶属函数值综合评价,鲁单818、承玉10为早期耐盐碱品种,济丰96、德利农318、浚单20为早期不耐盐碱品种,其他为早期中等耐盐碱品种。

Different Tolerance Ability of Maize Varieties to Saline-alkali Soil Conditions

Under the condition of different saline-alkali soil, control(not saline soil), saline-alkali soil of slight (0.188% salt) and moderate salinity(0.268% salt), the difference in tolerance ability at early stage among twelve pop- ular maize varieties was studied and Zhengdan958 was used as control. The results showed that there was significant difference between varieties in the sensitivity to salinity-alkalinity stress in both germination rate and germination potential. Under the condition of moderate salinity, Chengyu10 showed highest germination rate and germination po- tential with 43% and 21% higher than those of Zhengdan958 for the relative germination rate and the relative germi- nation potential, respectively. Compared with the control soil, under the conditions of both slight salinity-alkalinity and moderate salinity-alkalinity conditions, the root surface area, root volume, total root length of Ludan818 were all significantly increased, on the contrary, significant decrease were found for Jinhai5, Denghai605 and Deli- nong318. Under the condition of moderate salinity-alkalinity condition, leaf MDA content and SOD activity of zhengdan958 and Jifeng96 decreased, while Ludan818 recorded highest relative value of both POD activity and solu- ble protein. According to the membership function values of the seven physiological indices, it could be classified that Ludan818 and Chengyu10 are relatively higher saline-alkali-tolerant varieties at early stage, Jifeng96, Deli- nong318 and Xundan20 are saline-alkali sensitive, the others are medium saline-alkali-tolerantvarieties at early stage.