水肥一体化自动管理对叶用莴苣生长及灌溉水生产效率的影响

采用水肥一体化装备进行水肥自动管理有利于实现节水节肥和增产提效,是设施农业现代化发展的重点方向。本试验基于自主研发的AWF型水肥一体化装备,进行水肥自动管理,并以常规管理为对照,测定叶用莴苣的生长指标、叶片叶绿素含量、产量和品质,统计灌溉量,计算成本和效益,分析使用AWF型水肥一体化装备自动灌溉施肥对叶用莴苣生长和灌溉水生产效率的影响。结果表明:水肥自动管理下3茬叶用莴苣的产量分别为2 593.85、1 168.80、1 900.00 kg·(667 m~2)~(-1),比常规管理分别增产25.00%、54.75%、11.76%;灌溉总量分别减少了23.84%、21.71%、28.91%;灌溉水生产效率分别提高了64.13%、97.65%、57.24%。成本与效益分析结果表明,使用AWF型水肥一体化装备,年收益可提高2 850元·(667 m~2)~(-1),增产、节水和增收效果显著。

Effects of Automatic Management in Integration of Water and Fertilizer on Lettuce Growth and Production Efficiency of Irrigation Water

Abstract：As an important direction of the facility agriculture modernization，the automatic management for integration of water and fertilizer via integrated equipment is conducive for saving water and fertilizer and increasing production efficiency．This experiment was carried out based on the independent-developed AWF-type equipment and conducted automatic management for integration of water and fertilizer．The paper also took conventional management as the contrast；measured the growth index，chlorophyll contents of leaf blades，yield and quality of lettuce；calculated amount of irrigation，cost and benefit；and analyzed the effect of using AWF-type equipment for integration of water and fertilizer by automatic irrigation on lettuce growth and production efficiency．The results showed that lettuce yield of 3 stubble under the automatic management of AWF-type equipment were 38.91、17.53、28.50 t·hm^-2，respectively，and increased 25.00%，54.75% and 11.76%，respectively than that by conventional management．Meanwhile，the irrigation amount decreased 23.84%，21.71% and 28.91%， respectively．While，the production efficiency of irrigation water increased 64.13%，97.65% and 57.24%， respectively．The result of cost and benefit analysis indicated that the annual income was increased 42 750 yuan·hm-2 by using AWF-type fertigation equipment，and there were remarkable effects of increasing production and saving water．The effects in yield increase，water saving and increment were significant.