几种除草剂对大豆孢囊线虫存活和孵化的影响

在实验室内寄主体外测定了8种大豆田常用除草剂对大豆孢囊线虫（SCN）(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)2龄幼虫（J2）存活率及卵孵化的影响，同时测定了乙草胺和2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺对温室和田间SCN繁殖的影响。结果表明，所有供试除草剂对大豆孢囊线虫J2均有不同程度的致死作用，其中以乙草胺、2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺和嗪草酸甲酯处理效果最好，24 h死亡率分别达99.33%、99.33%和89.33%；乙草胺、2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺、嗪草酸甲酯和精噁唑禾草灵处理7 d，J2的死亡率均达100%，精喹禾灵、精吡氟氯禾草灵和三氟羧草醚处理的死亡率分别为91.33%、81.33%和79.33%；所有除草剂对孢囊孵化都有较强的抑制作用，其中2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺的抑制作用最强，孢囊孵化率仅为1.25%；乙草胺和2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺对温室和田间SCN的繁殖均有较强的抑制作用，对大豆根系生长均无不良影响。不同除草剂对大豆种子萌发有一定影响。

Effects of herbicides on survival and hatch of Heterodera glycines

The effects of eight kinds of herbicides for soybean fields on J2 of Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode, SCN) and egg hatching were tested in the laboratory. The effects of acetochlor and 2,4D butylate+propisochlor on reproduction of SCN were tested in glasshouses and fields. The results showed that all herbicides tested killed J2 under the concentration of their field amplication. Mortalities of J2 treated with acetochlor, 2,4D butylate+propisochlor and eluthiacet methyl were higher than that with other herbicides, reaching 99.33%, 99.33% and 89.33%, respectively. After 7 d, mortalities of J2 treated with acetochlor, 2,4D butylate+propisochlor, fluthiacet methyl and fenoxaprop P ethyl reached 100%. Moreover, mortalities of J2 treated with quizalofop P ethyl, fluazifop P butyl (Gallant) and acifluorfen sodium were 91.33%, 81.33% and 79.33%, respectively. All tested herbicides had effects on egg hatching of SCN. 2,4 D butylate+propisochlor could inhibit egg hatching significantly, and the hatching rate of J2 was only 1.25%. Acetochlor and 2,4 D butylate+propisochlor significantly inhibited reproduction of SCN in glasshouses and fields. The results of seed germination and root growth trials showed that the herbicides had influences on germination of soybean seeds, but had no harmful effects on growth of roots.