寒地多年生麦草新种质的形态学分析与细胞学检测

为丰富北方寒地牧草品种,选育适合北方寒冷地区种植的优势牧草,以八倍体小偃麦(Trititrigia)与中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)杂交后代选育的10份寒地多年生麦草新种质为材料,借助我国东北哈尔滨地区的气候特点,对其进行形态学分析和细胞学鉴定。结果表明:10份材料田间自然生长年限超过3a,均具有抗寒性和多年生特性,可在哈尔滨地区-30℃环境下安全过冬;根系发达,除2个株系8LF2 1-1-4和11LF3 1-1-4外,其他株系具有地下茎。植株生长繁茂,有5个株系总分孽数超过40,2个株系穗长超过24cm。株系11LF3 1-1-4和11LF4 1-18-1结实率平均值在80%以上,远高于亲本中间偃麦草;10份材料种子发芽率在60%~90%;株系5Q10L1-18-1茎秆干重可达1.7kg·m~(-2)。10个株系根尖体细胞染色体为42条,遗传稳定,植株均表现抗旱、抗寒,抗病等特性。本研究可为北方寒地的牧草选育提供理论和材料基础。

Cytological Detection and Morphological Analysis of the New Germplasm on Cold-hardness Perennial Wheatgrass

To enrich the northern cold pasture varieties,breeding the advantages of planting grass in the northern cold areas,the ten new germplasms of cold-hardness perennial wheatgrass which selected from hybrid offsprings of Trititrigia and Thinopyrum intermedium with the climatic characteristics of Harbin located in northeast of China were analyzed and detected by the cytological and morphological method in the research.The results showed that the natural growth periods of the 10 materials were all more than 3 years,and all of them had cold-resistance and perennial characteristics,even in winter of Harbin with low temperature under-30 ℃ they are safe.The roots were developed,in addition to 8LF2 1-1-4 and 11LF3 1-1-4,the other lines had underground rhizomes.The plants were in lush growth,there were 5 lines with tiller numbers more than 40 and 2 lines with spike lengths more than 24 cm.The average seed setting rate of 11LF3 1-1-4 and 11LF4 1-18-1 was above 80%,which was much higher than parental Th.intermedium.The germination rate of the 10 seeds was between 60%~90% and the stem dry weight of 5Q10L1-18-1 was up to 1.7 kg·m-2.The somatic cell chromosomes of them were all 42,which showed genetic stability,and the resistance of drought,cold,disease and other characteristics were also presented.It is provided theoretical and material foundation for forage grass breeding in the northern cold land.