地表覆盖对旱区土壤水分及菊芋生长的影响

在东北半干旱雨养条件下,以酱菜型菊芋品种榆林6号为供试材料,设置不覆盖(CK)、塑料薄膜覆盖(FM)和玉米秸秆覆盖(CS)3个处理,研究了地表覆盖措施对耕作层土壤水分状况及菊芋生长的影响。结果表明:塑料薄膜覆盖土壤的含水量是不覆盖土壤的1.7~2.0倍,玉米秸秆覆盖土壤的含水量是不覆盖土壤的1.3~2.0倍。与不覆盖处理相比,塑料薄膜覆盖和玉米秸秆覆盖均降低了土壤pH。覆盖措施显著影响了植株生长发育,至开花期玉米秸秆覆盖处理植株最高、茎最粗,株高平均达162cm、茎粗平均达18mm。塑料薄膜覆盖和玉米秸秆覆盖菊芋块茎平均产量为9 585和11 685kg·hm~(-2),分别增产63%和99%。因此,地表覆盖有利于土壤保墒,利于实现干旱地区菊芋的高产、高效栽培,值得推广应用。

Effects of Ground Mulching on Soil Water and Growth of Jerusalem artichoke in Arid Region

The effects of ground mulching on topsoil water and growth of Jerusalem artichoke were studied under semi-arid rain-fed conditions in northeast China.The experiment used Yulin 6 pickle-type Jerusalem artichoke variety as the test material with three treatments: no-mulching (CK),plastic film mulching(FM) and corn stalk mulching(CS).The results showed that soil water content in the plastic film mulching and corn stalk mulching were respectively 1.7~2.0 and 1.3~2.0 times of that in no-mulching.Both plastic film mulching and corn straw mulching reduced soil pH compared to no-mulching treatments.The cover measure significantly affected plant growth.In the flowering stage,CS had the highest plant height (average for 162 cm) and the stem diameter(average for 18 mm) among the three treatments.Average yield of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the FM and CS treatments was respectively 9 585 and 11 685 kg·hm-2,increasing by 63% and 99%.Therefore,the ground mulching could improve soil moisture and be beneficial to the high yield and high efficiency cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke in arid region,which it was worth promoting the application.