长沙“百里水产走廊”水质调查评价及其污染防治对策

采用野外调查取样和室内分析的方法,研究了长沙百里水产走廊主要养殖水域部分水质指标的变化状况及其污染分布特征,并采用单因子指数法与内梅罗指数相结合的多因子综合评价法评价了其水环境质量。结果表明,长沙百里水产走廊主要养殖水域夏季(丰水期)水质超标因子是化学需氧量(CODc)r、生化需氧量(BOD5)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP),最高分别超过国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类限值3.4、6.5、3.5和1.9倍,水质内梅罗指数为3.14,属于Ⅳ级重污染;冬季(枯水期)水质状况有所变化,水体溶解氧(DO)下降,氨氮(NH3-N)含量增加,主要超标因子仍为CODcr、BOD5、TN和TP,水质内梅罗指数为1.81,污染相对减轻,属于Ⅱ级轻度污染。不同水源、地理地貌和养殖类型与养殖水环境质量密切相关。养殖水体污染防治以减少内源污染和杜绝外源污染为主,此外可通过其它措施提高水体自净能力,出现富营养化趋势的水体可排入农田消纳,以确保水资源的有效利用和水产养殖的可持续发展。

Investigation and Evaluation of Water Quality of Changsha Baili Aquatic Zone and Its Pollution Control Measures

Field survey and laboratory analysis were carried out to study the water quality value changes and pollution distribution of the main culturing waters of Changsha Baili Aquatic Zone,and it used single factor index combining with the Nemero index to evaluate the quality of its water environment.The results showed that in summer(wet season),the exceeding standard factors are Chemical Oxygen Demand(CODcr),Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD5),Total Nitrogen(TN) and Total Phosphorus(TP) in water quality of main cultu...