利用微卫星标记对4个肉牛品种进行遗传多样性分析

本研究利用10个微卫星标记分析了鲁西黄牛、布莱凯特肉牛、渤海黑牛和日本和牛4个品种185个个体的品种内遗传变异情况及各品种间的亲缘关系,共检测到58个等位基因,每个位点平均观察等位基因数为5.8个,从4(BM1818)到8个(ETH225和TGLA53)不等;有效等位基因数为2.5417～3.5849个;观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量变异范围分别为0.2270～0.5459、0.6082～0.7230和0.5482～0.6791,均属高度多态性位点。群体间遗传分化明显,有34.49%的遗传分化来自群体间的变异。以Nei氏遗传距离(DA)构建UPGMA系统进化树,聚类结果表明,渤海黑牛与鲁西黄牛首先聚为一类,布莱凯特肉牛和日本和牛聚为一类。布莱凯特肉牛的3个微卫星座位10个克隆的PCR扩增片段测序获得的序列已提交GenBank,登录号分别为:GQ368896、GQ368897、GQ368898、GQ368899、GQ368900、GQ368901、GQ368902、GQ368903、GQ368904、GQ368905。10对微卫星座位可作为有效的遗传标记用于4个肉牛品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系分析。

Genetic Diversity of Four Cattle Breeds by Microsatellite Loci

Genetic variation of Luxi,BLACK,Bohai cattle in Shandong and one foreign breed,Japanese black breed,was assessed by analyzing a random sample of 185 animals using 10 microsatellite loci. A total of 58 alleles were identified, averaged about 5.8 ranging from 4 (BM1818) to 8 (ETH225 and TGLA53). All the microsatellites were highly polymorphic,and various genetic variability measures,including observed heterozygosity (0.2270 to 0.5459), expected heterozygosity (0.6082 to 0.7230) and polymorphism information content (0.5482 to 0.6791)， and effective numbers of alleles was 2.5417 to 3.5849. Considerable genetic differentiation was observed and 34.49% of the total genetic variation originated from the differences among breeds. Then we constructed UPGMA tree by genetic distances (D_A). Luxi cattle clustered first with Bohai breed, then BLACK cattle and Japanese black clustered.The sequences of PCR amplification fragment of 10 clones of 3 microsatellite loci in BLACK cattle were accepted by GenBank, the GenBank accession numbers were GQ368896,GQ368897,GQ368898,GQ368899,GQ368900,GQ368901,GQ368902,GQ368903,GQ368904,GQ368905,respectively. All of 10 microsatellite loci were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among 4 beef cattle breeds.