深圳市蚂蚁物种分布格局研究

为了揭示红火蚁的入侵状况，采用样地调查法研究深圳市蚂蚁物种的分布格局。合计采集到蚁科昆虫4亚科，18属，35种。在35种蚂蚁中，分布最广泛的物种是红火蚁、沃森大头蚁和长角立毛蚁，在深圳市6个区均有分布。分布于10类生境的物种有红火蚁和长角立毛蚁，其中红火蚁在山区和社区均可大肆入侵并成功定居，但在干扰频繁的生境中不易入侵和定居。在深圳市被调查的9类植被中，红火蚁在环境稳定的灌木林、纯林、混交林、草坪、花丛、草丛中定居良好，而在耕作和经营活动频繁的果园、花木场和菜地中未见分布。

Distribution Patterns of Ant Species in Shenzhen City

In order to reveal the invasive situation of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, the distribution patterns of ant species from Shenzhen City were investigated through sample-plot method. In total, 35 ant species belonging to 18 genera, 4 subfamilies of Formicidae were identified. Among which S. invicta, Pheidole watsoni and Paratrechi- na longicornis were the most widely distributed ones that were found in all the 6 districts of Shenzhen City. Solenop- sis invicta and Paratrechina longicornis were both distributed in 10 categories of habitats. The fire ant Solenopsis in- victa could invade and successfully settle down both in mountainous area and in human communities, but it was dif- ficult for S. invicta to invade and establish colonies in the frequently disturbed circumstance. Among the 9 catego- ries of plant habitats surveyed in Shenzhen City, S. invicta settled down well in the stable vegetations including bush, pure forest, mixed forest, lawn, flower vegetation, and grassland, whereas it was not found in the frequently cultivated and managed habitats like orchard, flower garden, and vegetable plot.