东方白鹳保护经济机制探析

黑龙江省三江平原是东方白鹳的重要繁殖地,但是当地传统农业模式对东方白鹳生存和繁殖造成了比较严重的影响。国际上为了解决传统农业与鸟类的冲突采取了多种保护经济激励措施,典型的有日本的以环境友好型种植的具有"生命品牌"的大米,美国的栖息地改造工程(HIP)和农田鸟类栖息地改善计划(WHEP)等。在我国,保护经济激励机制在诸多鸟类保护案例中已显现出明显的效果。"白鹳—大米"是指在东方白鹳利用农田生境进行繁衍的前提下产出的环境友好型大米。东方白鹳保护经济机制以城市居民对环境友好型"白鹳—大米"偏好明显为前提,通过城市居民的购买带来的经济效益保障农户收益并激励农户进行环境友好型耕种,同时给予东方白鹳更多的高质量生境,达到促进农业发展和保护东方白鹳的目的。在以上分析基础上,本论文还分析了国内外野生动物保护经济案例中存在的问题及解决办法,最后结合实地调查结果,建议在东方白鹳保护中使用经济激励机制,并提出了相应的配套措施。

Economic Mechanisms for Oriental White Stork Conservation

The Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province is an important breeding ground for oriental white stork(Ciconia boyciana),but the local traditional agricultural model adversely impacts the survival and reproduction of oriental white stork.To resolve the conflict between traditional agriculture and bird conservation,a variety of economic incentives have been applied in international communities,such as Japan s brand of environmentally-friendly rice labelled“Stork Raising Rice”,the Habitat Improve Project(HIP)and the Waterbird Habitat Enhancement Program(WHEP)in the United States.In China,the economic incentives for conservation have shown obvious effects in some cases of bird conservation.An example is'white stork-rice',which refers to environmentally-friendly rice harvested from farmland where the living and breeding of oriental white stork are well supported.The conservation economics mechanism of oriental white stork is mostly based on urban residents preference for environmentally-friendly'white stork-rice'.The economic benefits brought by the purchasing patterns of urban residents can improve the income from farming and encourage the farmers to carry out environmentally-friendly farming,which will expand more high-quality habitats of oriental white stork,and promote the agriculture development and stock conservation.Here,we also analyze the economic problems and solutions in international and domestic conservation.Based on field survey,we recommend use of economic incentives in oriental white stork conservation and we offer examples.