长穗偃麦草1E附加系与杀配子染色体2C附加系杂交后代的细胞学及形态学分析

长穗偃麦草是小麦的野生近缘种属，具有抗寒、抗旱、抗病等优异性状。为了利用长穗偃麦草的优异基因，将‘中国春’-长穗偃麦草1E二体附加系与‘中国春’-柱穗山羊草2C二体附加系杂交、自交和回交，观察其后代的细胞学和形态学特性。结果表明，在杂交后代有丝分裂和减数分裂中观察到了染色体畸变现象；统计F1代自交结实率，发现与亲本相比，这些杂种后代的结实率明显降低；杂种后代的穗型发生了分离，除正常穗型外还观察到了密穗型，说明杀配子染色体2C可以诱导染色体畸变并对结实率和穗型均有一定的影响。本研究为进一步创制小麦-长穗偃麦草1E染色体易位系和缺失系奠定了基础。

Cytological and Morphological Characteristics of Hybrids between Lophopyrum elongatum 1E Addition Line andGametocidal Chromosome 2C Addition Line

Lophopyrum elongatum is a wild relative of wheat that has excellent traits such as cold resistance,drought resistance and disease resistance.In order to transfer the desirable genes of Th.elongatum into wheat,hybrid,selfing and backcross were done between‘Chinese spring’-Th.elongatum 1E disomic addition line and‘Chinese spring’-Ae.cylindrica gametocidal chromosome 2C disomic addition line,the cytological and morphological characteristics of offspring were observed.Chromosome aberrations were observed in the mitosis and meiosis,the seed-setting rate of F1 was lower significantly compared with parents,the spike separation was observed in the hybrids,in addition to the normal spike,we also observed the compactoid.This study showed that,gametocidal chromosome 2C could induce chromosome aberrations and had a certain influence to seed-setting rate and spike.These results provided a good basis for further developing wheat-Th.elongatum 1E chromosome translocation and deletion lines.