不同品种小麦叶片解剖结构比较观察

本研究观察了冬、春小麦不同品种,不同叶位的叶肉细胞结构,叶肉厚度,叶片气孔频率,叶脉频率等与光合效率有关的结构因子。叶片解剖结构与生理功能具有统一性。叶片细胞结构有低位叶简单,高位叶复杂的变化。气孔频率、叶脉频率、叶肉厚度也随叶位的不同而有显著差异。特别是旗叶,叶面积大小、功能期长短及光合效率有关的构造因子与籽粒产量形成具有决定意义。因此,把旗叶形态、结构作为判断小麦丰产性指标是适宜的。

THE COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEAVES FOR DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF WHEAT

In this study several structure factors relating to the photosyntheticefficiency had been odserved.The factors included the structure and thick-ness of mesophyll cell, the stoma frequency on epidermis of leaves andthe frequency of leaf vein. The observed leaves were at different leafpositions and of different varieties of winter wheat as well as springwheat.The results showed that the anatomical structures of leaf were closely integrated with the physiological functions.It was found that there was achange tendency of becoming more and more complex on the cell structureof leaf from the lower leaf to the upper one.It had also been demonstratedthat the stoma frequency of leaf,the frequency of leaf vein and the me-sophyllous thickness were significantly different at different positions ofleaf in wheat plant.It was especially indicated that the varying of leaf area,the lasting offunctioning poriod of flag leaf and whose structural factors in relation tothe photosynthetic efficiency were decisively significant to the plumpnessof seeds and the formation of yield.Therefore, it may be concluded thatthe morphology and structure of flag leaf could be regarded as the pro-ductive indexes of wheat.