三种麦蚜数量变动规律的研究

本文调查了麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae F.)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum Rond)和禾縊管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi L.)的田间消长规律和种群数量变动因素。麦二叉蚜发生最早,一般在小麦返青期即有发生,小麦灌浆乳熟期以后,因气候及营养条件惡化,蚜量急剧下降。麦长管蚜在小麦拔节期始见有翅成蚜,孕穗、抽穗以后,蚜量一直稳定上升,灌浆至乳熟初期蚜量急剧增长达到高峰。此后驟减。禾縊管蚜最耐高温高湿,一般小麦揚花期以前蚜量少,麦收前7～10天内剧增达高峰。在小麦各生育期,三种麦蚜长管蚜始終占总蚜量的70%以上,多者100%,是麦田蚜虫的优势种。

A STUDY ON THE LAW OF QUANTITATIVE CHANGES OF 3 SPECIES OF WHEAT APHIDS

Macrosiphum avenae Fabricius (grain aphid), Schizaphis graminumRondani (greenbug) and Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (birdeherry aphid)are 3 important pests in the wheat fields of Shandong. Wheat aphidsdamage mainly the ear and leaves of wheat, and the first species injuresthe ear of wheat more severely. Schizaphis graminum comes out the carliest, generally in the turninggreen stage. But its quantity drops down suddenly late at the stage ofbeing in the milk or the milk stage. Macrosiphum avenae comes out inthe jointing stage. The number of this species always goes up after thebooting stage and the heading stage and increases to the peak. Then, itsuddenly decreases between the stage of being in the milk stage and the milkstage. High temperature and high humidity are necessary to Rhopalosi-phum padi. In general, before the flowering stage, the number of R.padi keeps smaller and then it goes up rapidly to the peak 7-10 daysbefore the wheat harvest. The percentages of the 3 species of wheat aphids are quite differentat every growth stage of wheat. Macrosiphum avenae is the predominantspecies with a percentage ranging from 70 to 100 at different stages.