14种速生桉木材对家白蚁天然抗蛀性的室内测试

文章通过单项选择法和双向选择法对14种速生桉人工林心材的抗家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)蛀蚀性进行室内测试,比较各种桉树心材被白蚁蛀蚀程度及质量损失率,以评价各种桉树木材对家白蚁的抗蚁蛀性能.单项选择测试结果表明,不同桉树心材抵抗家白蚁的蛀蚀能力有很大差异,20 a生韦塔桉(Eucalyptus wetarensis)和14 a生细叶桉(E.tereticornis)心材对家白蚁的天然抗蛀性最强,平均质量损失率均小于10%,属于轻微蛀蚀等级;50 a生窿缘桉(E.exserta)和40 a生柠檬桉(E.citriodora)次之,平均质量损失率在10%~20%,属于轻度至中度蚁蛀等级;8 a生巨桉(E.grandis)的抗蚁蛀性能最差,平均质量损失率大于50%,属于严重蛀蚀等级;其余8种桉树心材包括蓝桉(E.globulus)、 赤桉(E.camaldulensis)、 粗皮桉(E.pellita)、 托里桉(E.torelliana)、 刚果12号桉(E.ABL12)、 尾叶桉(E.urophylla)、 尾巨桉(E.urophylla×E.grandis)和尾细桉(E.urophylla×E.tereticornis),年龄为6~28 a,平均质量损失率为30%~40%,属于中度至严重蛀蚀等级.双向选择测试结果表明,家白蚁对不同桉树心材有取食偏爱性,14种桉树心材被家白蚁取食喜好优先排序为:巨桉→托里桉→尾细桉→蓝桉→刚果桉12号→粗皮桉→尾叶桉→尾巨桉→柠檬桉(28 a生)→柠檬桉(40 a生)→赤桉→窿缘桉→细叶桉→韦塔按.

Natural Resistance of 14 fast-grown Eucalyptus Timber Species to Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki in Laboratory

In recent years, Eucalyptus plantation industry was developed rapidly and becomes one of the most important industrial timber resource in South China. In order to optimize the utilization of timber from Eucalyptus plantation for hardwood products, like furniture, wood structure etc., it is necessary to determine the resistance of different Eucalyptus timber species to termite Coptotermes formosanus which is one of the most severe destructive insect pests on wood structure and buildings. Our laboratory termite test results based on both single-choice procedure and two-choice procedure showed that: among 14 heartwood species from Eucalyptus plantation in Guangdong and Yunan province, E.wetarensis, E.tereticornis, E. exserta and two E.citriodora heartwood, from more than 14 years old mature plantation, were niblely or slightly attacked by termite, and belonged to strong resistant or moderately resistant to termite; E.grandis heartwood from 8 years old immature plantation was very severely attacked by termite, and belonged to very sensitive to termite; other 8 heartwood species, including 4 species from 6~8 years old immature Eucalyptus plantation and 4 from 14~25 years mature Eucalyptus plantation, were severely attacked by termite and belonged to lowly resistant to termite. The termite C.formosanus has preference on feeding different Eucalyptus timber species. E.grandis was the favorite timber for termite while E.wetarensis was the least favorite one. The feeding preference of termite C.formosanus on 14 kinds of Eucalyptus heartwood is as following: E.grandis → E.torelliana → E.urophylla ×E.tereticornis →E.globulus → E.ABL12 → E. pellita → E.urophylla → E.urophylla× E.grandis → E. citriodora(twenty-eight-year-old)→ E.citriodora(forty-year-old)→ E.camaldulensis → E. exserta → E.tereticornis → E.wetarensis.