宝清县景观格局动态变化分析

基于1989、1999和2010年三期宝清县的Landsat TM遥感影像数据,利用RS、GIS与景观生态学相结合的方法,系统的分析宝清县自1989年以来土地利用景观格局的动态变化。结果表明：宝清县近20 a间优势景观为耕地、林草地和湿地,三者斑块总面积占研究区土地总面积的95%以上,其他景观类型呈补丁状分布在研究区内;土地利用类型变化经历了从剧烈到减缓的过程。土地利用类型转移主要表现为大量林草地、湿地和未利用地向耕地景观类型的转化。林草地、湿地和未利用地面积大幅度减少,斑块数量增加,使得景观破碎化程度加重,多样性和异质性减少,引起涵养水源和保持水土等生态效益的降低。为防止人地矛盾的进一步恶化,建议相关部门在促进经济发展的同时,兼顾湿地、林草地等景观类型的生态效益,实现土地资源的永续利用和可持续发展。

Analysis on Dynamic Changes of Landscape Patterns in Baoqing

This study was based on the data of three Landsat TM remote sensing images of Baoqing in 1989, 1999, and 2010. Dynamic changes of the land use and landscape pattern of Baoqing since 1989 were analyzed systematically, with the applications of RS, G[S and landscape ecology. The results show that： Dominant landscapes in the past 20 years are arable land, forest and grassland, and wetlands, which is more than 95% of the study area, while other types were patch-like distribution in the study area. The changes of all those land use types have experienced a process from rapid to slow. A large number of forest and grassland, wet- lands, and unused land were conversed to arable landscape. Forest, meadows, wetlands, and unused land area are experiencing substantial reduction with an increase of number of patches. That is to say, the landscape fragmentation aggravated, the diversity and heterogeneity reduced. As a result, ecological benefits of land like conserving water and keeping the soil were weakened. In order to prevent further deterioration of the contradictions between human beings and land, it is highly recommended that the relevant govern- ment departments pay more attention to the ecological benefits from different landscapes to assure and achieve the sustainable use of land resources, while promoting economic development.