生物炭对砂壤土节水保肥及番茄产量的影响研究

采用室内盆栽试验定量分析方法,研究了砂壤土中施加不同含量生物炭对土壤节水保肥及提高番茄产量的影响。试验共设5个处理:不添加生物炭(CK),每1 kg干土加生物炭10 g(C10)、20 g(C20)、40 g(C40)和60 g(C60)。结果表明:施加生物炭处理有利于提高土壤肥力,其中较高施用量的处理增幅明显。与CK相比,C60处理的有机质含量增加560%;C60和C40的碱解氮含量分别增加110%和130%,速效磷含量增加410%和290%,速效钾含量增加290%和150%。随着生物炭施用量的增大土壤含水率呈现递增趋势,其中C60较CK提高170%。较高生物炭施用量可以有效增加番茄产量,C60和C40处理分别比CK提高98%和170%,其中C40处理的产量增幅最大。相关分析可知,水、肥因素对番茄产量影响显著,相关性超过80%,通过在砂壤土中施加生物炭可有效提高肥水利用效率,提高番茄产量。

Study on the Effects of Biochar on Saving Water, Preserving Fertility and Tomato Yield

Study on modified sandy loam soil and increased tomato yield by using biochar was conducted through the pot experiment. There were five installed treatments that sandy loam soil (CK), per kilogram sandy loam soil plus 10g of biochar(C10), per kilogram sandy loam soil plus 20g biochar(C20), per kilogram sandy loam soil plus 40g of biochar(C40) ,and per kilogram sandy loam soil plus 60g of biochar(C60).Results show that biochar can improve soil fertility and the effect of higher biochar application is remarkable. Compared with CK, the content of organic matter in treatment C60 increased by 560%. In treatments C60 and C40, both available N increases by 290% and 150% respectively; both available P increases by 410% and 290%, and both available K increases by 290% and 150% respectively. Soil water content in treatment C60 is 170% higher than CK. Using biochar can effectively improve tomato yield. Comparing with CK treatment, tomato yield increases 98% and 170% in treatments C60 and C40, respectively, and the largest increase is in treatment C40.Through correlation analysis, water and fertilizer are important factors affecting tomato yield, and correlation is more than 80%. In order to make full use of existing resources, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, save water resources, improve agricultural land, water and ecological environment, application of biochar technology is a new idea.