黑龙江省水产种质资源保护区现状及空间布局

对黑龙江省国家级水产种质资源保护区(下称保护区)空间布局合理性进行评估,可为保护区建设、发展和管理提供科学依据。本研究通过数理统计和空间叠加分析等方法,在深入了解保护区现状特征的基础上,从自然角度对其空间布局合理性进行评估。研究结果表明,截至2016年底,黑龙江省共建有国家级水产种质资源保护区25处,主要分布在黑龙江、松花江干支流水域,总面积为1428.8 km^2,共保护水生生物种类41种,包含鱼类6目11科38种,较全面地保护了黑龙江省境内特有珍稀濒危鱼类及具有较高遗传育种价值的鱼类。2011-2016年新增保护区由北部向中部和南部扩展,分布逐步趋于合理,初步形成鱼类栖息地保护布局,但结构失衡情况较为严重。从自然区划角度看,各生态地理区和植被带间的保护区在空间分布和结构功能方面具备较好的区(带)间互补性,但生态地理区内保护区的密度相差较大,各个区(带)间保护区面积占比差异较大,空间布局还需优化。最终根据评估结果提出了几点发展建议。

Analysis of Current Situation and Spatial Layout of National Aquatic Germplasm Reserves in Heilongjiang Province

The rationality of the spatial layout of the national aquatic germplasm reserves(referred to as the reserves) were evaluated to provide scientific basis for management agencies to make regulations in this study. Based on the list data of the reserves, classification, meta-analysis and spatial overlapping methods were employed to analyze the current situation and then assessed the rationality of its spatial layout. The results showed that by the end of the year 2016, there were 25 reserves in the Heilongjiang Province with an area of 1428.8 km^2, where 41 species of fish distributed in these 25 reserves, which are protecting endangered fishes with high economic value and genetic value. From 2011 to 2016, the newly established reserves were mainly distributed in the central and southern area in Heilongjiang Province, which meant the distribution of reserves became more rational. Although the layout of fish habitat types tended to be rational, the structural imbalance was serious. Based on natural zoning, the habitat types and main species showed good complementarity between each eco-geographic area and vegetation zone. However, the proportion of protected areas varied greatly in each zone(belt), and the spatial layout needed to be optimized. According to these results, several suggestions are discussed.