我国磷矿磷肥中镉的含量及其对生态环境影响的评价

本文收集了全国36个矿区67个磷矿标本和全国30个主要磷肥厂的磷肥样品,对其含镉量进行了分析和评价。67个磷矿含镉量范围为0.1-571mg kg^-1Cd,平均为15.3±74mg kg^-1。如果除去广西等四个贮量较小但含镉较高的矿区,其余矿区磷矿平均含镉为0.98mg kg^-1Cd。30个磷肥样品平均含镉0.60±0.63mg kg^-1Cd,变幅为0.1-2.93mg kg^-1。其中普钙平均为0.75±0.65mg kg^-1Cd,钙镁磷肥为0.11±0.03mg kg^-1Cd。热法磷肥在生产过程中含镉量因挥发而降低。根据我国磷肥通常用量和作物吸镉特点,认为长期施用国产磷肥,不至产生污染环境问题。

CADMIUM CONTENTS OF ROCK PHOSPHATES AND PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS OF CHINA AND THEIR EFFCETS ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Total 67 rock phosphate samples collected from 36 phosphate deposits and 30 phosphate fertilizer samples from main phosphate plants of China were studied.The content of Cd in rock phosphates from different deposits varied from 0.1 to 571 mg/kg, with an average value of 15.3±74 mg/kg. The highist value was found in the rock phosphates from Guangxi Province, varying from 12.2 to 571 mg/kg; while the lowest Cd content of the rock phosphates from Hubei Province varied from less than 1 to 2.10 mg/kg. Fortunarely. all the phosphate deposits of high Cd content are of less importance in the phosphate fertilizer production of China. If not counting these minor important but high Cd content phophase rocks the average Cd content of phosphate rocks of China should be 0.98 mg/kg.