不同品种竹叶多糖的化学特征及其含量研究

通过对17个品种竹叶多糖酸水解、衍生化和气相色谱分析,研究其单糖的物化特征;以硫酸 - 蒽酮法,研究不同品种竹叶多糖的含量差异.结果表明:不同品种竹叶多糖主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成,其中木糖占43.9% ～ 65.5%,阿拉伯糖占11.7% ~ 19.6%,葡萄糖占7.2% ～ 20.8%,半乳糖占7.7% ～ 14.1%;不同单糖间的比例存在明显差异,部分品种竹叶含5.0% ～ 6.9%未知单糖.不同品种竹叶多糖质量分数在1.9% ～ 5.7%之间,其中鹅毛竹含糖量最高(5.7%),长叶苦竹含糖量最低(1.9%).本研究从17个品种竹叶中筛选出多糖含量在4%以上的有鹅毛竹、矮箬竹、巴山木竹下部、铺地竹、毛竹、百夹竹、唐竹和金丝慈竹下部,淡竹来源广泛,可成为提取竹叶多糖的最佳原料.

Sutdy on Chemical Characteristics and Content of Polysaccharides from Bamboo Leaves of Different Species

Chemical characteristics of polysaccharides from leaves of 17 bamboo species were investigated by acid hydrolysis, derivatization and GC analysis, and the contents of bamboo polysaccharides in different species were studied by sulfuric acid-anthrone method. The results indicated that bamboo polysaccharides in different species were mainly composed of: xylose 43.9% - 65.5%, arabinose 11.7% - 19.6%, glucose 7.2% - 20.8%, galactose 7.7% - 14.1% and unknown monosaccharide 5.0% - 6.9%.The mass fraction of bamboo polysaccharides in different species was about 1.9% - 5.7%, Shibataea chinensis Nakai had the hightest mass fraction of polysaccharides with 5.7%,and the lowest was Pleioblastus chian f.hisauchii with 1.9%. The mass fraction of polysacchrides over 4% from 17 species of bamboo leaves were screened out as follows: S.chinensis, Indocalamus pedalis (Keng) Keng f., Bashania fargesii (E.G.Camus)Keng f.et Yi, Sasa argenteastriatus E.G.Camus,Phyllostachys edulis(Carr)A.et C.Riv,P.nidularia Munro,Sinobambusa tootsik(Sieb.)Makino and Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f. Because of the wide source and high quality, P.edulis(Carr)A.et C.Riv is the best raw material to extract polysaccharides.