油菜小孢子培养技术体系研究

小孢子培养在油菜的基础研究和应用研究中均具有十分重要的意义。自1982年Lichter首次在甘蓝型油菜中进行小孢子培养获得成功以来，国内外在油菜小孢子培养技术方面已取得大量研究成果，包括油菜小孢子胚状体发生的影响因素，小孢子植株的再生、成苗、大田移栽、染色体加倍等，近年来又对一些关键技术环节加以了改进，笔者在对这些研究成果进行总结的基础上针对中国国情建立了大田条件下油菜高效小孢子培养技术体系。用该体系对甘蓝型油菜和新疆野生油菜的体细胞杂种后代进行小孢子培养的出胚率达到300枚/皿以上，采用小孢子苗直接移栽大田技术，成活率达到89.0%。此外还成功构建了含127个DH系的黄籽油菜DH群体及含115个DH系的粒重分离群体。

Studies on the Technical System of Microspore Culture in Rapeseed

Rapeseed microspore culture plays important roles in both basic and applied studies. Since Lichter carried on the microspore culture and succeed in Brassica napus in 1982, a large number of research results on microspore culture technology, including factors influence microspore embryogenesis, plant regeneration from microspore derived embryos, plant transplant in growing field, chromosome doubling etc., were obtained in the past two decades and a few of critical techniques were improved in recent years. Based on these results, a high-efficient microspore culture technical system for field-growing rapeseed plants was established. Using this technical system, the progenies of somatic hybrids from Brassica napus with Xinjiang wild rape were cultured, the embryo yield of each plate is up to more than 300 on average. The plant survival rate reached 89.0% by directly transplanting microspore derived plants from tube to field. In addition, a yellow seed DH population containing 127 DH lines and a seed weight segregant DH population containing 115 DH lines were constructed.