日粮中碳水化合物类型对多鳞白甲鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及健康状况的影响

为探究多鳞白甲鱼幼鱼日粮中最佳碳水化合物添加类型，以葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精、玉米淀粉及纤维素5种碳水化合物为糖源，分别配制5种日粮，对多鳞白甲鱼幼鱼进行了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示，(1)生长及饲料利用率方面，麦芽糖组的终末体重、特定生长率、饵料系数以及蛋白质效率等指标最佳，纤维素组最差。(2)体成分方面，纤维素组全鱼粗脂肪水平最低，粗灰分水平显著高于麦芽糖组，麦芽糖组及纤维素组肌糖原含量最低，糊精组肝糖原含量最低。(3)主成分分析表明，C16:0、SFA、MUFA和PUFA比例对肝胰脏脂肪酸比例产生主要影响，其中，C16:0和SFA比例在麦芽糖组显著提高，MUFA比例在糊精组显著提高，而PUFA在纤维素组显著提高；C18:1n-9和MUFA比例对肌肉和脂肪组织总体脂肪酸组成产生主要影响，二者比例在麦芽糖组显著提高。(4)血清生化指标方面，麦芽糖组及纤维素组谷丙转氨酶活性、麦芽糖组谷草转氨酶活性显著较高，葡萄糖组及纤维素组碱性磷酸酶活性、球蛋白含量较高，而血糖含量反之。(5)抗氧化能力方面，麦芽糖组肝胰脏过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性最高，纤维素组丙二醛含量最...

Effects of dietary carbohydrate types on growth performance, body composition and health status of juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

In order to explore the optimal carbohydrate addition types in the dietary of juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis, five dietary were prepared with glucose, maltose, dextrin, corn starch and cellulose as carbohydrate sources and the fish was cultured for 56 days. The results showed that: (1) The terminal weight, specific growth rate, feed coefficient rate and protein efficiency rate were the best in the maltose group (P<0.05), while those in the cellulose group were the worst (P<0.05). (2) The crude fat of whole fish in the cellulose group was significantly the lowest (P<0.05), the crude ash content was significantly higher than that in the maltose group (P<0.05), the muscle glycogen content in the maltose and cellulose groups was the lowest (P<0.05), and liver glycogen in the dextrin group was the lowest (P<0.05). (3) Principal component analysis showed that the ratios of C16:0, SFA, MUFA and PUFA had a major effect on the overall fatty acid ratio of the liver. Among them, the ratios of C16:0 and SFA were significantly increased in the maltose group (P<0.05), while the ratio of MUFA in the dextrin group (P<0.05), and the ratio of PUFA in the cellulose group (P<0.05). The proportions of C18:1n-9 and MUFA had the main effect on the overall fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissues, and the proportions of the two were significantly increased in the maltose group (P<0.05). (4) Glutamic pyruvic transaminase in serum of maltose and cellulose groups is the highest (P<0.05), while that of aspartate aminotransferase was the highest in maltose group (P<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity and globulin content of glucose and cellulose group were the highest, while that of blood glucose was the reverse (P<0.05). (5) The contents of catalase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in the liver of the maltose group were the highest (P<0.05), while the malondialdehyde content in the cellulose group was the highest (P<0.05). In conclusion, maltose was the most suitable carbohydrate source for juvenile O. macrolepis, followed by dextrin and corn starch, and cellulose and glucose were not the suitable carbohydrate source for the fish; While, corn starch is recommended as a carbohydrate source in practical production.