不同生态类型大麦品种(系)杂交后代主要农艺性状的分析

为了解不同生态类型大麦品种(系)杂交后代主要农艺性状的分离规律,以美国引进的优质啤酒春大麦品系ABI 18-152为母本、江苏主推冬啤酒大麦品种扬农啤7号为父本配制的杂种F1、F2群体及亲本为材料,测定株高、穗长、穗下节间长、单株穗数、主穗粒数、千粒质量、单株产量、粒长、粒宽、粒长宽比10个农艺性状,对各性状的杂种优势及分离规律进行分析。结果表明:除主穗粒数和粒宽在亲本间差异不具统计学意义,其余8个性状在亲本间均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)或高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。杂种F1的10个性状大多存在正向中亲优势和负向高亲优势,优势大小在性状间存在较大差异。株高类性状和单株产量性状在杂种F2群体内变异程度高,变异系数均在10%以上,单株产量的变异系数最大(58.65%);籽粒粒型性状在杂种F2群体内的变异程度较低,其变异系数在5%左右,粒长的变异系数最小(4.52%)。降低单株株高,对影响单株产量的性状加强选择,可实现矮秆高产品种的选育。

Analysis of the Main Agronomic Characters of Hybrid Progenies of Barley Varieties (Lines) Under Different Ecological Types

To understand the segregation law of main agronomic characters in the hybrid progenies of barley varieties(lines)under different ecological types,the F1 and F2 populations were generated by using the high-quality spring malting barley variety ABI 18-152 introduced from USA as the maternal parent and the winter malting barley variety Yangnongpi No.7 as the paternal parent,which had been promoted in Jiangsu Province.They were assessed for totally 10 agronomic characters comprising plant height,spike length,internode length under ear,spike number per plant,grain number per panicle,thousand-grain weight,yield per plant,grain length,grain width,grain length-width ratio,each of which was analyzed for heterosis and segregation law.The results showed that there were significant(P<0.05)or very significant(P<0.01)differences in all tested traits except grain number per panicle and grain width between parents.The 10 traits of F1 hybrids mostly showed positive mid-parent heterosis and negative high-parent heterosis,and different traits varied in the level of heterosis.Plant height and yield per plant showed higher variation degrees in F2 population,whose variation coefficients were both above 10%,with yield per plant having the highest variation coefficient(58.65%).The characters controlling grain shape had relatively low variation degrees in F2 population with variation coefficients around 5%,of which grain length had the lowest variation coefficient(4.52%).The 10 traits were all quantitative traits,presenting continuous and nearly normal distribution in F2 population.Reducing the height of a single plant and selecting the traits of superior yield per plant are conducive to the breeding of high-yielding dwarf varieties.