大面积水稻田无线传感器网络组网设计与优化

为解决大面积水稻田无线传感器网络能量消耗过快和丢包率严重等问题,该文提出了不同天线模式下的3种组网方案:配备全向天线的分环多跳网络、配备定向天线的多跳网络和配备混合天线的分簇多跳网络。第一组网络,处于不同环中配备全向天线节点采用多跳传输模式将数据包传输到基站;第二组网络,各级配备定向天线节点采用多跳传输模式将数据包传输至第一级节点;最后一组网络,借助于双簇头分簇思想,主簇头接受副簇头汇聚于成员节点的数据包与基站多跳通信。首先,介绍了3种网络拓扑结构间的差异;然后,从网络能耗角度,理论上分别计算了3组网络的能量消耗;仿真试验表明,混合天线分簇多跳组网方案相比定向天线多跳方案数据包个数提升了近10倍;相比全向天线分环多跳方案网络稳定周期延长了24.3%,网络寿命延长了28.2%;最后,采用无线通信模块nRF905射频芯片和TDJ-0825BKM1定向天线进行了水稻田组网试验,结果表明混合天线分簇多跳网络相比全向天线分环多跳网络丢包率降低了8.11%,平均存活时间效率提高了8.66%。该研究可为大面积水稻田无线传感器网络组网方案的设计提供参考。

Design and optimization of wireless sensor networking in big paddy field

Abstract: In recent years, the technique of wireless senor networking was widely applied in the field of agriculture. Due to the complexity of the agricultural environment and various unpredictable factors such as barriers, weather conditions as well as some other filed conditions, it was important to propose a better networking scheme to minimize the cost of energy consumption and improve the performance of the network communication. In order to solve the problem that of the cluster head nodes beforehand because of the exhaustion of energy in the cluster structure and serious packet loss rate of the network in the large-scale paddy field of wireless sensor networking, three kinds of networking schemes were proposed here. An omni-directional antenna networking communication mode can be used for communicating in multi-hop in different rings. A directional antenna networking communication mode can also be used for communicating in multi-hop in different rings, in which data packets which form the high level ring can be transmitted to the first level node. For a hybrid antenna communication mode, we can use the scheme of double-cluster head networking, in which the main cluster head received packets of a vice cluster head node, which was gathered from other member nodes, communicated with the base station in the multi-hop network. In this paper, firstly, the difference among the network topology structure with a hybrid antenna networking mode, a directional antenna networking mode and an omni-directional antenna networking mode was given. Then, the energy consumption of the three kinds of multi-hop networking was analyzed theoretically. Simulation results show that, compared with the directional antenna networking communication mode, the amount of data increased by 10 times respectively in the hybrid antenna networking mode. Compared to the omni-directional antenna networking communication mode, the stabilization period of network was prolonged by 24.3% and the lifetime increased by 28.2% in the hybrid antenna networking mode. Finally, networking tests were conducted in a paddy field for examining the communication performance of the omni-directional and hybrid antenna networking mode, equipped with a RF905 RF chip and a TDJ-0825BKM1 directional antenna. Results show that, compared with an omni-directional antenna network of communication, the packet loss rate of the hybrid antenna network decreased by 8.11%, and the average time of alive network was prolonged by 8.66% simultaneously. The research was provided for a reference of wireless sensor networking scheme, which can be applied in the large area of paddy fields.