4种药剂对海南兰花蜗牛和蛞蝓的防治效果

通过筛选适用于海南热带兰园防治有害蜗牛和蛞蝓的最佳药剂及合理用量,为生产实践应用提供理论依据。选择了国内常用的4种杀软体动物剂,即50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂、45%三苯基乙酸锡可湿性粉剂、6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂和10%茶枯精粉粉剂,针对海南兰园有害软体动物的主要优势种,包括海南小囊螺、细钻螺和双线嗜粘液蛞蝓,通过在室内模拟田间兰花栽培条件,开展了不同药剂、不同剂量的防治效果对比试验。结果显示,防治海南小囊螺效果最好的药剂是6%四聚乙醛和10%茶枯精粉,药后7 d防效达87%以上,14 d防效达100%。对细钻螺防效最好的药剂是6%四聚乙醛,药后7 d防效达83%以上,14 d防效达100%。双线嗜粘液蛞蝓对10%茶枯精粉极为敏感,药后3 d防效即达91%以上,药后5 d达到100%;另外3种均不理想。综合考虑防效与安全性,在海南热带设施栽培中防控有害蜗牛和蛞蝓,推荐同时使用6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂和10%茶枯精粉粉剂,用量每亩分别为500和1000 g。具体施药方法和效果还需大田试验进一步验证。

Control effects of four molluscicides on snail and slug pests in a tropical orchid, Hainan Province

In this study,suitable molluscicide dosages were screened for control of the major snail and slug pests in a tropical orchid garden,Hainan Province.Four common molluscicides used in China,50％ niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder (NES),45％ fentin acetate wettable powder (FA),6％ metaldehyde granule (MG) and 10％ camellia seeds cake powder (CSC),were selected for controlling Microcystis hainanica (MH),Opeas gracile (OG),and Philomycus bilineatus (PB) that are the dominant species in orchid gardens in Hainan province.The control effects of the four molluscicides on the three mollusks were compared in an indoor test.The resuits showed that 6％ MG and 10％ CSC had the best effect on controlling MH with a relative control rate of above 87％ after 7 days,100％ after 14 days.The best molluscicide to OG was 6％ MG with a control rate of above 83％after 7 days,100％ after 14 days.Philomycus bilineatus was especially more sensitive to 10％ CSC than other three molluscicides with a control rate of above 91％ after 3 days,100％ after 5 days.Considering control effect and environmental safety,both 6％ MG and 10％ CSC are recommended in controlling snail and slug pests in orchid facility cultivation of Hainan province,and the suitable dosages are 500 g per 667 m2 and 1000 g per 667 m2,respectively.The application method and control effect need to be verified in the field.