新疆野生樱桃李果实部分表型性状的遗传多样性分析

 以中国新疆伊犁地区霍城县大西沟乡的新疆野生樱桃李（Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.）47个实生株系的成熟果实为试材，从果实形态性状、可溶性固形物与矿质元素含量以及挥发性化合物组分等不同层面对野生樱桃李遗传多样性进行了研究，旨在为新疆野生樱桃李的资源保护、合理利用和遗传改良提供基本资料。结果表明，①新疆野生樱桃李实生株系的果实形状主要为圆形，少数为椭圆形、卵圆形、卵形和宽卵形，果实颜色有黄色、红色、紫红色和黑色等4种类型，野生樱桃李果实纵径、横径、单果重、果形指数以及可溶性固形物含量均存在一定程度的变异，遗传多样性较为丰富，其中以单果重的变异系数最大(9.13 %)；②新疆野生樱桃李实生株系果肉组织的Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe及Cu等6种矿质元素含量变异丰富，其中以Fe元素的含量（平均值为2.12 mg·100g-1）和变异系数（26.99％）最高，进一步筛选高铁性状单株的潜力很大；③从新疆野生樱桃李12个实生株系中共鉴定出醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类、烃类及杂环类等6类83种挥发性化合物，各实生株系挥发性化合物总含量、挥发性化合物种类及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物分离比率与含量等存在广泛的遗传变异，遗传多样性较为丰富，其中以甲酸己酯含量最高（平均值为4.33 μg·g-1），是野生樱桃李果实香气形成的重要特征性化合物。

Studies on Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits in Wild Myrobalan Plum(Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. )

Ripe fruit of wild myrobalan plum obtained from 47 seedlings at Daxigou, Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomic Region of China were studied by Morphological trait, Soluble solids content, Mineral element, Volatile component. The purpose of the study was to acquire basic data for the conservation and utilization of the species. The results indicated that considerable genetic variations in these aspects: vertical length, Transverse length, Shape index, Fruit weight, Soluble solids content. Among them, fruit weight, the variation coefficient of which was the highest(9.13%). As investigated, the shape of the fruit was mainly rotundity, and the color of the fruit were red, black, yellow, mauve. Variation coefficient of mineral elements(Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn), which revealed wider variation range and rich genetic diversity. Among them, Fe, the content and the variation coefficient of which was the highest(2.12 mg·100g-1 and 26.99％), it has large potential for futher selection. Ripe fruit of 12 wild myrobalan plum seedlings were analyzed using head space-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed considerable genetic variations in these aspects: The total content of volatile components, the classes and contents of each compounds classes, the segregation ratio, and content of main components. There were 83 compounds in total belonging to 6 classes detected in 12 wild myrobalan plum seedlings, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, heterocycle and Hydrocarbons. Among them, Formic acid, hexyl ester, the content of which was the highest(4.33 μg·g-1),was important character impact odors.