云南箭竹3种变型的叶解剖结构与生理特性

为探明云南箭竹不同变异类型的叶解剖结构与生理特性,选择云南箭竹3种变型(云南箭竹原变型、“香笋竹”“脱毛昆明实心竹”)的叶片为实验材料,采用石蜡切片技术观察叶片解剖结构,利用苯酚硫酸比色法测定相关生理指标及其光合参数。结果表明,3种变型的竹叶,在叶长、叶宽、长宽比及叶面积等方面差异显著,“香笋竹”的叶片更宽、更大;在叶片表皮层、角质层厚度、泡状细胞复合体和梭形细胞面积、维管束面积和叶脉间距离、气孔密度等方面,均表现为“香笋竹”>原变型>“脱毛昆明实心竹”;叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率中,“香笋竹”要显著高于原变型和“脱毛昆明实心竹”;在竹叶可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量方面,表现为“香笋竹”>原变型>“脱毛昆明实心竹”。云南箭竹3种变型的竹叶,在叶解剖指标上差异显著,其叶片的形态和解剖结构特征在讨论种下分类阶元水平上具有一定的分类价值。3种云南箭竹变型中,鉴于“香笋竹”的光合能力和抗逆性较强,更适合推广种植。

Leaf Anatomical Structure and Physiological Characteristics of Three Types of Fargesia yunnanensis

Leaves of 3 types of Fargesia yunnanensis Hsueh et Yi were observed by paraffin sectioning and the relevant physiological indexes were determined using the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method for a better understanding of leaf anatomical structure and physiological characteristics.The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf length,leaf width,length-to-width ratio and leaf area of the three types of F.yunnanensis.Among them,the leaves of F.yunnanensis‘Xiangsunzhu’were wider and larger than other two types.The stomatal density,blade thickness,thickness of epidermis and cuticle,bulliform cell and fusoid cell area,vascular bundle area and distance between vascular in F.yunnanensis‘Xiangsunzhu’were the highest while those of F.yunnanensis were higher than those of F.yunnanensis f.detersa.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in F.yunnanensis‘Xiangsunzhu’were significantly larger than those of F.yunnanensis and F.yunnanensis f.detersa.The content of soluble sugara and starch content of F.yunnanensis‘Xiangsunzhu’are the highest and those of F.yunnanensis were higher than those of F.yunnanensis f.deters.Since the leaves of three types of F.yunnanensis exhibted great differences,which could be used in intraspecies classification of F.yunnanensis.Considering F.yunnanensis‘Xiangsunzhu’possessed strong photosynthetic capacity and stress resistance,it could be potentially used in large-scale planting for marketing.