云南小规模农户蔬菜种植习惯和病虫防治行为研究

采用农民参与式调查方法,2003-2004年抽样调查了云南省昆明、大理、玉溪、楚雄、曲靖和丽江6市360户小规模蔬菜种植农户,系统调查了农户的蔬菜种植习惯、病虫知识、病虫防治态度和行为。调查结果表明:农民种植蔬菜具有多样性特征,360户在2004年种植了多达23种蔬菜。农民普遍缺乏蔬菜病虫生态知识,虽然具有一定的识别害虫能力,但是大多数农民不能区别害螨和病害的危害,不能识别大多数重要天敌,主要根据农药零售商的建议进行病虫防治,导致普遍过度依赖化学农药进行病虫防治。

Farmer's cultural practices and management of vegetable pests by small producers in Yunnan Province

Participatory surveys of 360 farmers in six major vegetable producing prefectures in Yunnan were carried out in 2003 and 2004,aiming to assess farmer's cultural practices,knowledge and management of vegetable pests in small producers system.Vegetable crops were especially diversified,with up to 23 kinds of crops planted in the surveyed farms in 2004.Pest management is one of the major constraints in vegetable production.Farmers'knowledge on vegetable pests was inappropriate,and farmers had a little knowledge on insect pests,but the majority of them was unable to identify mites,thrips and diseases,and could not recognize most of the major natural enemies.Most farmers made decisions on pest management based on the advices of pesticide retailers,which led to overwhelming dependence of farmers on pesticides.The surveys suggested that priority should be given to enhancing farmers'knowledge,improving their capacities of decision-making and strengthening their social cohesions in the implementation of vegetable integrated pest management in a system of small producers.